Narbona Eduardo, Del Valle Jose C, Whittall Justen B, León-Osper Melissa, Buide M Luisa, Pulgar Iñigo, Camargo Maria Gabriela Gutierrez, Morellato Leonor Patricia Cerdeira, Rodríguez-Castañeda Nancy, Rossi Victor, Conrad Katie, Hernandez-Mena Joey, Ortiz Pedro L, Arista Montserrat
Área de Botánica, Departamento de Biología Molecular e Ingeniería Bioquímica, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Sevilla, Spain.
Departamento de Biología Vegetal y Ecología, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain.
Sci Rep. 2025 May 7;15(1):15927. doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-94709-4.
Flower color arises primarily from pigments that serve dual functions: attracting pollinators and mitigating environmental stresses. Among major pigment types, anthocyanins and UV-absorbing phenylpropanoids (UAPs) fulfill one or both roles and should be widespread. Our review of the UV-vis absorption profiles of major floral pigments demonstrates that UAPs are the primary UV protectants. Next, we analyzed the floral pigment composition of 926 animal-pollinated species from California, Southern Spain, and Southeastern Brazil. UAPs were ubiquitous (the "dark matter" of the flower). Among the remaining pigment types, ~ 56% of species had anthocyanins, ~ 37% had carotenoids, and ~ 17% had chlorophylls (some species had > 1 pigment type). Pigment abundance varied in response to abiotic and biotic factors, particularly with pollinator type in California. Despite regional differences in environmental filtering, pollination guilds, and relatedness, UAPs are omnipresent and there is a transcontinental stable distribution of flower colors and their underlying floral pigments.
吸引传粉者和缓解环境压力。在主要色素类型中，花青素和吸收紫外线的苯丙烷类化合物（UAPs）发挥一种或两种作用，应该广泛存在。我们对主要花卉色素的紫外可见吸收光谱的综述表明，UAPs是主要的紫外线保护剂。接下来，我们分析了来自加利福尼亚、西班牙南部和巴西南部的926种动物传粉物种的花卉色素组成。UAPs无处不在（花的“暗物质”）。在其余色素类型中，约56%的物种含有花青素，约37%含有类胡萝卜素，约17%含有叶绿素（有些物种有>1种色素类型）。色素丰度因非生物和生物因素而异，特别是在加利福尼亚州随传粉者类型而变化。尽管在环境筛选、传粉类群和亲缘关系方面存在区域差异，但UAPs无处不在，并且花的颜色及其潜在的花卉色素存在跨大陆的稳定分布。
