Kött Julian, Gebhardt Christoffer
Klinik und Poliklinik für Dermatologie und Venerologie, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE), Hamburg, Deutschland.
Fleur Hiege Centrum für Hautkrebsforschung, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE), Hamburg, Deutschland.
Dermatologie (Heidelb). 2025 May 7. doi: 10.1007/s00105-025-05506-z.
Personalized treatment of melanoma is becoming increasingly more important. Biomarkers offer the possibility of controlling treatment more precisely and reducing side effects.
The aim of this text is to provide an overview of current tissue-based, blood-based and radiological biomarkers and their clinical application in melanomas.
A literature research and analysis of current studies on biomarkers in adjuvant and neoadjuvant treatment of melanomas were carried out and relevant congress contributions were additionally included.
Tissue-based programmed cell death 1 ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression, interferon gamma (IFNγ) signature, gene expression profiles (GEP) and tumor mutational burden (TMB) are of prognostic and predictive relevance. Blood-based circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) in the sense of a liquid biopsy should be emphasized as a personalized biomarker for longitudinal tracking during treatment or aftercare. Positron emission tomography computed tomography (PET-CT) and body composition enable an improved assessment of treatment efficiency. There are currently no data from prospective validation studies on these biomarkers; initial data from the NivoMela study are awaited.
The combination of tissue-based, blood-based and radiological biomarkers in terms of multiparametric approaches is promising but further prospective validation is needed for broad clinical use. These are currently not comprehensively implemented in the clinical routine in centers or in remuneration procedures.
黑色素瘤的个性化治疗变得越来越重要。生物标志物为更精确地控制治疗和减少副作用提供了可能性。
本文旨在概述当前基于组织、血液和放射学的生物标志物及其在黑色素瘤中的临床应用。
对黑色素瘤辅助和新辅助治疗中生物标志物的当前研究进行文献检索和分析，并额外纳入相关会议报告。
基于组织的程序性细胞死亡1配体1（PD-L1）表达、干扰素γ（IFNγ）特征、基因表达谱（GEP）和肿瘤突变负荷（TMB）具有预后和预测相关性。作为液体活检意义上的基于血液的循环肿瘤DNA（ctDNA）应被视为治疗期间或随访期间纵向跟踪的个性化生物标志物。正电子发射断层扫描计算机断层扫描（PET-CT）和身体成分有助于更好地评估治疗效果。目前尚无关于这些生物标志物的前瞻性验证研究数据；正在等待NivoMela研究的初步数据。
基于组织、血液和放射学的生物标志物在多参数方法方面的联合应用前景广阔，但需要进一步的前瞻性验证以实现广泛的临床应用。目前这些在临床中心的常规临床实践或薪酬程序中尚未全面实施。
