Truong Tram T N, Huynh Son Trung, Nguyen Vinh Nhu, Le Pham An
University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.
University Medical Center Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.
BMC Public Health. 2025 May 7;25(1):1694. doi: 10.1186/s12889-025-22308-z.
Physical activity (PA) levels among adolescents are low globally and in Vietnam. This study aims to assess the prevalence of PA and identify demographic, psychosocial, and behavioral factors related to PA among secondary school students in Ho Chi Minh City.
A cross-sectional study was conducted from March to May 2023, involving 475 6th-grade students. Data were collected through self-reported questionnaires and anthropometric measurements. Psychosocial factors, including self-efficacy, enjoyment, family influence, and belief in PA were measured using validated scales, while teacher influence on PA was evaluated using a custom-designed questionnaire. Sedentary behavior was assessed using the Adolescent Sedentary Activity Questionnaire (ASAQ), and PA levels were determined using the Physical Activity Questionnaire for Older Children (PAQ-C). Gender differences were analyzed using chi-square tests and t-tests. Pearson's correlation coefficient and hierarchical multiple regression were applied to examine associations and factors influencing PA.
Only 36.8% of students met the recommended PA levels, with boys (40.7%) being more active than girls (32.9%). Boys had higher body mass index (BMI) and more screen time, while girls spent more time on cultural and social activities. Positive correlations were found between PA levels and psychosocial factors, especially in self-efficacy (r = 0.761, p < 0.001) and family influence (r = 0.717, p < 0.001). Sedentary behaviors, such as small screen recreation (r = -0.449, p < 0.001) and after-school education (r = -0.380, p < 0.001), negatively correlated with PA levels. Hierarchical analyses showed that BMI, self-efficacy, beliefs, family and teacher influence, and time spent on small screen recreation and after-school education significantly explained PA among adolescents.
Vietnamese adolescents have low PA levels, with gender differences. Interventions should enhance support, reduce sedentary behavior, and address gender-specific barriers.
全球及越南青少年的身体活动（PA）水平较低。本研究旨在评估胡志明市中学生的身体活动患病率，并确定与身体活动相关的人口统计学、心理社会和行为因素。
于2023年3月至5月进行了一项横断面研究，纳入475名六年级学生。通过自我报告问卷和人体测量收集数据。使用经过验证的量表测量心理社会因素，包括自我效能感、愉悦感、家庭影响和对身体活动的信念，同时使用定制问卷评估教师对身体活动的影响。使用青少年久坐行为问卷（ASAQ）评估久坐行为，使用儿童身体活动问卷（PAQ-C）确定身体活动水平。采用卡方检验和t检验分析性别差异。应用Pearson相关系数和分层多元回归来检验身体活动的关联和影响因素。
只有36.8%的学生达到推荐的身体活动水平，男孩（40.7%）比女孩（32.9%）更活跃。男孩的体重指数（BMI）更高，屏幕时间更多，而女孩在文化和社会活动上花费的时间更多。身体活动水平与心理社会因素之间存在正相关，尤其是自我效能感（r = 0.761，p < 0.001）和家庭影响（r = 0.717，p < 0.001）。久坐行为，如小屏幕娱乐（r = -0.449，p < 0.001）和课外教育（r = -0.380，p < 0.001）与身体活动水平呈负相关。分层分析表明，BMI、自我效能感、信念、家庭和教师影响以及在小屏幕娱乐和课外教育上花费的时间显著解释了青少年的身体活动情况。
越南青少年的身体活动水平较低，存在性别差异。干预措施应加强支持、减少久坐行为并消除特定性别的障碍。
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