Tian Lu, Zhu Mengxia, Song Yuhan, Wang Yin, Jiang Yan
Deptartment of Nursing, Tongji Hospital Affiliated to Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.
Department of Ophthalmology, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Taizhou, 317000, Zhejiang, China.
BMC Public Health. 2025 May 7;25(1):1688. doi: 10.1186/s12889-025-22906-x.
To determine the current status of self-reported myopia and the relationship between eye health behaviors and myopia in children and adolescents aged 3 to 18 years.
Children and adolescents aged 3-18 years from 15 schools were selected for the survey between January and June 2024 in Hubei Province, China. A stratified random cluster sampling method was employed for the collection of samples. All participants were requested to complete the Eye Health Behavior Assessment Scale for Kindergarten and Primary School Students in Grades 1-3-Parent Version (EHBAS-P) and the Eye Health Behavior Assessment Scale for Primary School Students in Grades 4-6 and Middle School Students-Student Version (EHBAS-S) online. Data on socio-demographic factors (gender, grades, region) and myopia rate were collected.
A total of 3500 participants were invited, and 3240 usable questionnaires were collected (response rate, 92.57%). The overall prevalence of self-reported myopia among children and adolescents aged 3-18 years in Hubei Province was 34.35%. Risk of myopia was higher in females than in males (OR = 1.27, P = 0.007), in rural than in urban areas (OR = 1.88, P < 0.001), and in children with myopic parents than with non-myopic parents (OR = 3.21, P < 0.001). Furthermore, of the 3240 participants, only 18.1% (n = 587) had good eye health behavior levels, 46.1% (n = 1494) had moderate eye health behavior levels, and the rest had poor levels, and there was a significantly higher risk of myopia for poor compared to good eye health behavior levels (OR = 1.74, P < 0.001). The regression analysis showed that the level of eye health behaviors varied significantly with many of the demographic variables particularly with grades group, gender and whether myopia.
The prevalence of self-reported myopia is at a high level among individuals between the ages of 3 and 18 in Hubei province, China, with notable differences between urban and rural populations. The level of eye health behaviors among children and adolescents is suboptimal. A particular focus on fostering the development of positive eye-use habits among younger children should be reinforced in the future.
确定3至18岁儿童和青少年自我报告的近视现状以及眼部健康行为与近视之间的关系。
2024年1月至6月期间，在中国湖北省选取了15所学校的3至18岁儿童和青少年进行调查。采用分层随机整群抽样方法收集样本。所有参与者均被要求在线完成《幼儿园及小学1 - 3年级学生眼部健康行为评估量表 - 家长版》（EHBAS - P）和《小学4 - 6年级及中学生眼部健康行为评估量表 - 学生版》（EHBAS - S）。收集了社会人口学因素（性别、年级、地区）和近视率的数据。
共邀请了3500名参与者，收集到3240份有效问卷（回复率为92.57%）。湖北省3至18岁儿童和青少年自我报告的近视总体患病率为34.35%。女性近视风险高于男性（OR = 1.27，P = 0.007），农村高于城市（OR = 1.88，P < 0.001），父母近视的儿童高于父母非近视的儿童（OR = 3.21，P < 0.001）。此外，在3240名参与者中，只有18.1%（n = 587）的眼部健康行为水平良好，46.1%（n = 1494）的眼部健康行为水平中等，其余的水平较差，与良好的眼部健康行为水平相比，较差水平的近视风险显著更高（OR = 1.74，P < 0.001）。回归分析表明，眼部健康行为水平随许多人口统计学变量有显著差异，特别是年级组、性别和是否近视。
在中国湖北省，3至18岁人群中自我报告的近视患病率处于较高水平，城乡人口之间存在显著差异。儿童和青少年的眼部健康行为水平欠佳。未来应特别加强对幼儿积极用眼习惯养成的关注。
