Guan Zhong, Luo Yuzhu, Liu Heting, Tao Shuman
Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230601, China.
MOE Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle / Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health across the Life Course / NHC Key Laboratory of Study on Abnormal Gametes and Reproductive Tract, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China.
Int J Obes (Lond). 2025 Sep 6. doi: 10.1038/s41366-025-01900-8.
To systematically evaluate the association between anthropometric parameter and myopia in children and adolescents.
PubMed, Web of Science, EBSCO, Embase, CNKI, CBM, WanFang Data, and VIP databases were searched from inception to June, 2025. We collected cross-sectional studies on the association between anthropometric parameter and myopia in children and adolescents aged 0-25 years, including body mass index (BMI) and weight-adjusted waist index (WWI). After independently screening the literature, extracting the data and evaluating the risk of bias in the included studies by 2 researchers, meta-analysis was performed using Stata 18.0 software.
A total of 18 cross-sectional studies were included, from which 1,505,099 participants were analyzed. Meta-analysis results suggested a positive relationship between anthropometric parameters and myopia. The pooled OR for overweight was 1.27 (95%CI: 1.08 ~ 1.51; I = 81.6%; P < 0.001). After excluding outliers, the pooled OR for overweight was 1.14 (95% CI: 1.13 ~ 1.15; I = 0.0%; P = 0.444). The pooled OR for obesity was 1.25 (95%CI: 1.12 ~ 1.39; I = 88.3%; P < 0.001). The results demonstrated inconsistency when subgroup analyses were performed based on age, geographic regions, visual acuity measurement methods, sample characteristics, whether covariates were adjusted in the original data, and whether one of 3 main confounders (parental myopia, outdoor time, or near work) was controlled. Results of meta-regression analysis showed that the publication year was not a source of heterogeneity across overweight, obesity and BMI/WWI groups. Subgroup evaluation revealed that a pooled value was 1.08 (95%CI: 1.00 ~ 1.18; I = 88.9%; P < 0.001) for BMI in BMI/WWI group. The results of Egger's test also suggested that there was no significant publication bias in overweight, obesity, and BMI/WWI groups, respectively.
Our findings support that anthropometric parameter was significantly associated with myopia in children and adolescents. However, given the limitations of the included cross-sectional studies, prospective studies are warranted to further investigate this issue.
系统评价儿童和青少年人体测量参数与近视之间的关联。
检索PubMed、Web of Science、EBSCO、Embase、中国知网（CNKI）、中国生物医学文献数据库（CBM）、万方数据和维普数据库，检索时间从建库至2025年6月。我们收集了关于0至25岁儿童和青少年人体测量参数与近视之间关联的横断面研究，包括体重指数（BMI）和体重校正腰围指数（WWI）。由2名研究人员独立筛选文献、提取数据并评估纳入研究的偏倚风险，然后使用Stata 18.0软件进行荟萃分析。
共纳入18项横断面研究，分析了1,505,099名参与者。荟萃分析结果表明人体测量参数与近视之间存在正相关关系。超重的合并比值比（OR）为1.27（95%置信区间：1.08至1.51；I² = 8,1.6%；P < 0.001）。排除异常值后，超重的合并OR为1.14（95%置信区间：1.13至1.15；I² = 0.0%；P = 0.4,44）。肥胖的合并OR为1.25（95%置信区间：1.12至1.39；I² = 88.3%；P < 0.001）。当根据年龄、地理区域、视力测量方法、样本特征、原始数据中是否调整协变量以及是否控制3个主要混杂因素（父母近视、户外活动时间或近距离工作）之一进行亚组分析时，结果显示存在不一致性。荟萃回归分析结果表明，发表年份不是超重、肥胖和BMI/WWI组异质性的来源。亚组评估显示，BMI/WWI组中BMI的合并值为1.08（95%置信区间：1.00至1.18；I² = 88.9%；P < 0.001）。Egger检验结果还表明，超重、肥胖和BMI/WWI组分别不存在显著的发表偏倚。
我们的研究结果支持人体测量参数与儿童和青少年近视显著相关。然而，鉴于纳入的横断面研究存在局限性，有必要进行前瞻性研究以进一步探讨这个问题。
