McKoy Kelvin, Campbell Stephanie, Novy Patricia, Janssen Robert S
Dynavax Technologies Corporation, Emeryville, CA, USA.
Expert Rev Vaccines. 2025 Dec;24(1):365-372. doi: 10.1080/14760584.2025.2502643. Epub 2025 May 12.
To eliminate hepatitis B virus (HBV) globally, a key focus is preventing new infections among high-risk individuals, including those with HIV. The widespread incidence of HBV and HIV leads to a high rate of coinfection. HIV compromises the immune system, significantly increasing the risk of chronic HBV infection, cirrhosis, liver cancer, and death from liver-related disease among coinfected individuals.
This review explores recent research on the two-dose HepB-CpG (HEPLISAV-B) vaccine, which is a potential solution to the challenge of suboptimal immune responses to three-dose HBV vaccines (HepB-alum) in people living with HIV (PLWH). We compare the immunogenicity and safety of HepB-CpG in both vaccine-naive and previously vaccinated nonresponding PLWH populations.
Compared with three-dose HepB-alum vaccines, HepB-CpG offers a more convenient two-dose schedule, which could increase series completion rates. HepB-CpG might be more immunogenic in vaccine-naive and vaccine-experienced PLWH. Both attributes make HepB-CpG a possible future standard of care for adult HBV vaccination in PLWH.
为在全球消除乙型肝炎病毒（HBV），一个关键重点是预防高危人群（包括艾滋病毒感染者）中的新感染。HBV和HIV的广泛流行导致了高共感染率。HIV会损害免疫系统，显著增加共感染个体中慢性HBV感染、肝硬化、肝癌以及因肝脏相关疾病死亡的风险。
本综述探讨了两剂乙肝病毒核心蛋白重组疫苗（HEPLISAV-B）的最新研究，该疫苗可能解决艾滋病毒感染者（PLWH）对三剂乙肝疫苗（乙肝铝佐剂疫苗）免疫反应欠佳这一挑战。我们比较了乙肝病毒核心蛋白重组疫苗在初种疫苗和先前接种无反应的PLWH人群中的免疫原性和安全性。
与三剂乙肝铝佐剂疫苗相比，乙肝病毒核心蛋白重组疫苗提供了更便捷的两剂接种方案，这可能会提高接种系列完成率。乙肝病毒核心蛋白重组疫苗在初种疫苗和有疫苗接种经历的PLWH中可能具有更强的免疫原性。这两个特性使乙肝病毒核心蛋白重组疫苗有可能成为未来PLWH成人乙肝疫苗接种的护理标准。
