Wang Fengjiao, Zhang Guangjie, Zhai Qingfeng
School of Public Health, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, China.
Department of Medical Technology and Nursing, Laiwu Vocational and Technical College, Jinan, China.
Front Neurosci. 2025 Apr 23;19:1576773. doi: 10.3389/fnins.2025.1576773. eCollection 2025.
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a complex neurodegenerative disorder characterized by a pathology that includes the aggregation of alpha-synuclein (α-syn), oxidative stress, and neuroinflammation. While existing treatments can alleviate motor symptoms, they have limited efficacy in slowing disease progression and improving non-motor symptoms. In recent years, molecular hydrogen has been recognized for its potential neuroprotective effects, attributed to its selective antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. While preclinical studies demonstrate promising results, clinical trials conducted thus far have yielded mixed outcomes, with some trials reporting limited or no therapeutic benefit. This review systematically analyzes the mechanisms of action of molecular hydrogen in PD and related neurodegenerative disorders, emphasizing its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptotic properties. By evaluating evidence from both preclinical and clinical studies, this paper explores the potential of molecular hydrogen to attenuate oxidative stress, modulate inflammatory responses, and inhibit apoptosis in neuronal cells, while also identifying key gaps in current research. As a novel neuroprotective agent, molecular hydrogen holds potential in PD and other neurodegenerative diseases, but further well-designed clinical trials are needed to validate its efficacy. Future studies should focus on elucidating the mechanisms through which hydrogen exerts its neuroprotective effects, particularly concerning α-syn aggregation and its clearance pathways, as well as Nrf2-mediated immunomodulation. Furthermore, large-scale, multicenter clinical trials are necessary to establish efficacy benchmarks and personalized delivery protocols.
帕金森病（PD）是一种复杂的神经退行性疾病，其病理特征包括α-突触核蛋白（α-syn）聚集、氧化应激和神经炎症。虽然现有治疗方法可以缓解运动症状，但在减缓疾病进展和改善非运动症状方面疗效有限。近年来，分子氢因其潜在的神经保护作用而受到认可，这归因于其选择性抗氧化和抗炎特性。虽然临床前研究显示出有前景的结果，但迄今为止进行的临床试验结果不一，一些试验报告治疗益处有限或没有治疗益处。本综述系统分析了分子氢在帕金森病及相关神经退行性疾病中的作用机制，强调其抗氧化、抗炎和抗凋亡特性。通过评估临床前和临床研究的证据，本文探讨了分子氢减轻氧化应激、调节炎症反应和抑制神经元细胞凋亡的潜力，同时也指出了当前研究中的关键差距。作为一种新型神经保护剂，分子氢在帕金森病和其他神经退行性疾病中具有潜力，但需要进一步设计良好的临床试验来验证其疗效。未来的研究应专注于阐明氢发挥神经保护作用的机制，特别是关于α-syn聚集及其清除途径，以及Nrf2介导的免疫调节。此外，有必要进行大规模、多中心临床试验来确定疗效基准和个性化给药方案。
