Kumar Ravi, Arora Swamita, Alam Sanjar, Rashid Mohammad, Kumar Shivendra
R.V. Northland Institute of Pharmacy, India.
Rajiv Academy for Pharmacy, Mathura, U.P. India.
Recent Adv Food Nutr Agric. 2025 Jan 29. doi: 10.2174/012772574X341801241218051720.
Parkinson's Disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the pro-gressive loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra, leading to motor dysfunction and non-motor symptoms. Current treatments primarily offer symptomatic relief without halt-ing disease progression. This has driven the exploration of natural compounds with neuropro-tective properties. In previous studies, α-phellandrene, a monoterpene present in essential oils of various aromatic plants, has shown promise in mitigating neurodegenerative processes. This study focuses on alpha-phellandrene's therapeutic potential in a rotenone-induced Parkinson's Disease model. Rotenone, a mitochondrial complex I inhibitor, is commonly used to induce PD-like symptoms in experimental models due to its ability to mimic the neurodegenerative processes observed in human PD. Our review explores the neuroprotective effects of alpha-phellandrene, focusing on its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptotic properties. Experimental groups of rodents received rotenone to induce PD-like symptoms, followed by alpha-phellandrene treatment. Biochemical analyses were performed to measure oxidative stress markers, inflammatory cytokines, and apoptotic signals in brain tissues. Results indi-cated that alpha-phellandrene administration significantly improved motor function and re-duced rotenone-induced oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis in dopaminergic neu-rons. Histopathological examinations revealed a notable preservation of neuronal integrity in alpha-phellandrene-treated groups compared to controls. In conclusion, alpha-phellandrene demonstrates considerable neuroprotective effects in a rotenone-induced Parkinson's dmodel. These findings suggest that alpha-phellandrene could be a promising natural therapeutic agent for PD, warranting further investigation into its mechanisms of action and potential clinical applications. Specifically, our review indicates that alpha-phellandrene may exert neuropro-tective effects by various mechanisms, such as reducing oxidative stress, modulating neuro-transmitter levels, or inhibiting neuroinflammation. These mechanisms highlight its potential to alleviate PD symptoms and slow disease progression, underscoring the need for in-depth studies to validate these therapeutic effects in clinical settings.
帕金森病（PD）是一种神经退行性疾病，其特征是黑质中多巴胺能神经元逐渐丧失，导致运动功能障碍和非运动症状。目前的治疗主要是缓解症状，而无法阻止疾病进展。这促使人们探索具有神经保护特性的天然化合物。在先前的研究中，α-水芹烯是多种芳香植物精油中的一种单萜，已显示出减轻神经退行性过程的潜力。本研究聚焦于α-水芹烯在鱼藤酮诱导的帕金森病模型中的治疗潜力。鱼藤酮是一种线粒体复合物I抑制剂，由于其能够模拟人类帕金森病中观察到的神经退行性过程，常用于在实验模型中诱导帕金森病样症状。我们的综述探讨了α-水芹烯的神经保护作用，重点关注其抗氧化、抗炎和抗凋亡特性。将啮齿动物实验组用鱼藤酮诱导帕金森病样症状，随后进行α-水芹烯治疗。进行生化分析以测量脑组织中的氧化应激标志物、炎性细胞因子和凋亡信号。结果表明，给予α-水芹烯可显著改善运动功能，并减少鱼藤酮诱导的多巴胺能神经元氧化应激、炎症和凋亡。组织病理学检查显示，与对照组相比，α-水芹烯治疗组的神经元完整性得到显著保留。总之，α-水芹烯在鱼藤酮诱导的帕金森病模型中显示出相当大的神经保护作用。这些发现表明，α-水芹烯可能是一种有前景的帕金森病天然治疗剂，值得进一步研究其作用机制和潜在的临床应用。具体而言，我们的综述表明，α-水芹烯可能通过多种机制发挥神经保护作用，如减少氧化应激、调节神经递质水平或抑制神经炎症。这些机制突出了其减轻帕金森病症状和减缓疾病进展的潜力，强调需要进行深入研究以在临床环境中验证这些治疗效果。
