Amin Ruhul, Dey Biplab Kumar, Darwin Ronald, Cho William C, Sharifi-Rad Javad, Calina Daniela
Rahman Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research (RIPSR), Kamarkuchi, Kamrup (M), Tepesia, Assam, 782402, India.
Dooars Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research (DIPSAR), Ghoksadanga, Cooch Behar, West Bengal, 736171, India.
Med Oncol. 2025 May 8;42(6):204. doi: 10.1007/s12032-025-02753-x.
Multiple myeloma (MM) is hematological cancer characterized by the aberrant proliferation of plasma cells. The treatment of MM has historically presented challenges, with a limited number of patients achieving sustained remission. Recent advancements in the therapeutic landscape have been marked by the development of B-cell maturation antigen (BCMA)-targeted therapies. BCMA, a plasma cell surface protein, is instrumental in the proliferation and survival of myeloma cells. This review aims to critically assess recent developments in BCMA-targeted therapies. The focus is on evaluating their efficacy and accessibility, as well as discussing potential future directions in this field. Emphasis is placed on chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy and bispecific antibodies as emerging therapeutic strategies. An extensive review of current clinical trials and studies was conducted, centering on BCMA-targeted therapies. This encompassed an analysis of CAR T-cell therapies, which involve the genetic modification of patient T-cells to target BCMA, and bispecific antibodies that bind to both BCMA on myeloma cells and CD3 on T-cells. Clinical trials have demonstrated the efficacy of BCMA-targeted therapies in MM, with some patients achieving complete remission. However, these therapies are associated with adverse effects such as cytokine release syndrome and neurotoxicity. Research efforts are ongoing to reduce these side effects and enhance overall therapeutic effectiveness. BCMA-targeted therapies signify a notable advancement in MM treatment, offering prospects for prolonged remission and potentially curative outcomes. Despite existing challenges, these therapies represent a significant shift in MM management. The review highlights the necessity of ongoing research to optimize these therapies, improve patient outcomes, and increase treatment accessibility.
多发性骨髓瘤（MM）是一种以浆细胞异常增殖为特征的血液系统癌症。MM的治疗历来面临挑战，只有少数患者能实现持续缓解。治疗领域的最新进展以靶向B细胞成熟抗原（BCMA）的疗法的发展为标志。BCMA是一种浆细胞表面蛋白，在骨髓瘤细胞的增殖和存活中起重要作用。本综述旨在严格评估靶向BCMA疗法的最新进展。重点是评估其疗效和可及性，并讨论该领域未来的潜在方向。重点关注嵌合抗原受体（CAR）T细胞疗法和双特异性抗体等新兴治疗策略。对当前以BCMA为靶点的临床试验和研究进行了广泛综述。这包括对CAR T细胞疗法的分析，该疗法涉及对患者T细胞进行基因改造以靶向BCMA，以及对双特异性抗体的分析，这些抗体可同时结合骨髓瘤细胞上的BCMA和T细胞上的CD3。临床试验已证明靶向BCMA疗法对MM有效，一些患者实现了完全缓解。然而，这些疗法会带来诸如细胞因子释放综合征和神经毒性等不良反应。目前正在进行研究以减少这些副作用并提高整体治疗效果。靶向BCMA疗法标志着MM治疗取得了显著进展，为延长缓解期和潜在的治愈结果带来了希望。尽管存在现有挑战，但这些疗法代表了MM治疗的重大转变。该综述强调了持续研究以优化这些疗法、改善患者预后和提高治疗可及性的必要性。
