Lee Stuart M C, Miller Annelise, Ribeiro L Christine, Rosenberg Marissa, Miller Christopher A, Laurie Steven S, Young Millennia, Lytle Jason R, Kofman Igor, Clement Gilles, Wood Scott J, Rukavishnikov Ilya, Kitov Vladimir, Kozlovskaya Inessa, Tomilovskaya Elena, Reschke Millard, Macias Brandon R
KBR, Houston, Texas, United States.
Aegis Aerospace, Houston, Texas, United States.
J Appl Physiol (1985). 2025 Jul 1;139(1):70-80. doi: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00646.2024. Epub 2025 May 8.
Long-duration astronauts (>4 mo on the International Space Station, 87 total person-missions) participated in an orthostatic test consisting of 2 min of prone rest followed by 3.5 min of standing preflight, within hours of landing on the first day of recovery (R + 0), and 1, 3, 7, 14, and 30 days after landing. Astronauts and cosmonauts performed exercise during spaceflight and fluid loading before landing to mitigate cardiovascular deconditioning. On R + 0, astronauts participated in testing without compression garments or while wearing one of three garments designed to prevent orthostatic intolerance: Russian Kentavr, National Aeronautics and Space Administration's gradient compression garment (GCG), or SpaceX's gradient orthostatic protection garment (OPG). On R + 0, the change in mean arterial pressure (ΔMAP) from prone to standing tended to decrease without compression garments (-8 mmHg, = 0.053) and was less in astronauts wearing the Kentavr (-5 mmHg, = 0.02), but not in crewmembers wearing the GCG or OPG. The heart rate response from prone to standing (ΔHR) on R + 0 tended to increase in those not wearing compression garments (+11 beats/min, = 0.051) and was greater when wearing the Kentavr (+9 beats/min, < 0.0001) or the OPG (+10 beats/min, = 0.003), but not different in those wearing the GCG (+1 beats/min, = 0.74). Although ΔHR when not wearing compression garments was greater ( < 0.05) for at least 2 wk after landing, ΔMAP was not different from preflight. Wearing NASA's GCG mitigates cardiovascular stress during standing after long-duration spaceflight, and full recovery of orthostatic responses to standing without compression garments is not complete for weeks. Cardiovascular adaptations during long-duration spaceflight increase the likelihood of orthostatic intolerance upon re-exposure to gravity, and thus, countermeasures have been developed. Here we report findings derived across four National Aeronautics and Space Administration- and Russian-sponsored studies using a brief stand test protocol to characterize the efficacy of lower body compression garments in the first hours after landing and orthostatic responses without compression garments during readaptation in the first 4 wk after long-duration spaceflight.
长期执行任务的宇航员（在国际空间站停留超过4个月，共87人次任务）参加了一项立位耐力试验，试验包括在着陆后恢复的第一天（R + 0）的数小时内、着陆后1天、3天、7天、14天和30天进行，先俯卧休息2分钟，然后在飞行前站立3.5分钟。宇航员和航天员在太空飞行期间进行锻炼，并在着陆前进行液体负荷，以减轻心血管功能失调。在R + 0时，宇航员在不穿抗压服的情况下或穿着三种旨在预防体位性不耐受的服装之一进行测试：俄罗斯的肯塔夫（Kentavr）、美国国家航空航天局的梯度抗压服（GCG）或太空探索技术公司的梯度体位保护服（OPG）。在R + 0时，不穿抗压服时从俯卧到站立的平均动脉压变化（ΔMAP）趋于下降（-8 mmHg，P = 0.053），穿着肯塔夫的宇航员的ΔMAP较小（-5 mmHg，P = 0.02），但穿着GCG或OPG的机组人员的ΔMAP没有变化。在R + 0时，不穿抗压服的人从俯卧到站立的心率反应（ΔHR）趋于增加（+11次/分钟，P = 0.051），穿着肯塔夫（+9次/分钟，P < 0.0001）或OPG（+10次/分钟，P = 0.003）时的ΔHR更大，但穿着GCG的人的ΔHR没有差异（+1次/分钟，P = 0.74）。尽管着陆后至少2周内不穿抗压服时的ΔHR更大（P < 0.05），但ΔMAP与飞行前没有差异。穿着美国国家航空航天局的GCG可减轻长期太空飞行后站立时的心血管应激，数周内不穿抗压服时站立的体位反应不能完全恢复。长期太空飞行期间的心血管适应增加了重新暴露于重力时体位性不耐受的可能性，因此，已经制定了应对措施。在此，我们报告了四项由美国国家航空航天局和俄罗斯赞助的研究的结果，这些研究使用简短的站立试验方案来表征着陆后最初数小时内下身抗压服的功效以及长期太空飞行后重新适应的前4周内不穿抗压服时的体位反应。
