中国城市化处于转折点——挑战与机遇

China's urbanization at a turning point-challenges and opportunities.

作者信息

Bai Xuemei, Shi Peijun

机构信息

Xuemei Bai is Distinguished Professor of Urban Environment and Human Ecology at the Fenner School of Environment and Society, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australia.

Peijun Shi is a professor at State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Disaster Risk Reduction, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China.

出版信息

Science. 2025 May 8;388(6747):eadw3443. doi: 10.1126/science.adw3443.

DOI:10.1126/science.adw3443

PMID:40338998

Abstract

According to the National Bureau of Statistics, China's urbanization ratio (i.e., the share of population living in urban areas) reached 67% in 2024, maintaining a pace of over 1 percentage point increase per year over the past 45 years. Strongly driven by national policy, such extraordinary speed and scale are described as the largest experiment in human settlement in history. The latest national policy documents reiterate the commitment to "people-centered urbanization," a principle put in place in the National New-type Urbanization Plan announced in 2014. This continuity in language belies a critical turning point-a shift from land-driven development to prioritizing people's welfare, and a transition from pursuing quantity to prioritizing quality in urban development.

摘要

根据国家统计局的数据，中国的城市化率（即居住在城市地区的人口比例）在2024年达到了67%，在过去45年里保持着每年超过1个百分点的增长速度。在国家政策的有力推动下，如此非凡的速度和规模堪称历史上最大规模的人类聚居实验。最新的国家政策文件重申了对“以人民为中心的城市化”的承诺，这一原则在2014年公布的《国家新型城镇化规划》中就已确立。措辞上的这种延续掩盖了一个关键转折点——从土地驱动型发展转向将人民福祉置于优先地位，以及从追求城市发展的数量转向注重质量。