Malvandi Amir Mohammad, Gerosa Laura, Banfi Giuseppe, Lombardi Giovanni
Laboratory of Experimental Biochemistry & Advanced Diagnostics, IRCCS Ospedale Galeazzi-Sant'Ambrogio, Milan, Italy.
Laboratory of Experimental Biochemistry & Advanced Diagnostics, IRCCS Ospedale Galeazzi-Sant'Ambrogio, Milan, Italy; Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy.
Mol Aspects Med. 2025 Jun;103:101367. doi: 10.1016/j.mam.2025.101367. Epub 2025 May 7.
Skeletal muscles (SKM) and bones form a morpho-functional unit, interconnected throughout life primarily through biomechanical coupling. This relationship serves as a key reciprocal stimulus, but they also interact via various hormones, such as sex steroids, growth hormone-insulin-like growth factor 1 (GH-IGF1) axis hormones, and adipokines like leptin and adiponectin. Additionally, myokines (released by muscles) and osteokines (released by bones) facilitate dense crosstalk, influencing each other's activity. Key myokines include interleukin (IL)-6, IL-7, IL-15, and myostatin, while osteocalcin (OC) and sclerostin are crucial bone-derived mediators affecting SKM cells. Moreover, miRNAs act as endocrine-like regulators, contributing to a complex network. This review covers the current understanding of bone-muscle crosstalk, which is essential for grasping the musculoskeletal apparatus's role in disease pathogenesis and may inform therapeutic development.
骨骼肌（SKM）和骨骼形成一个形态功能单元，在整个生命过程中主要通过生物力学耦合相互连接。这种关系是一种关键的相互刺激，但它们也通过各种激素相互作用，如性类固醇、生长激素 - 胰岛素样生长因子1（GH - IGF1）轴激素，以及瘦素和脂联素等脂肪因子。此外，肌动蛋白（由肌肉释放）和骨动蛋白（由骨骼释放）促进了紧密的相互作用，影响彼此的活性。关键的肌动蛋白包括白细胞介素（IL）-6、IL - 7、IL - 15和肌肉生长抑制素，而骨钙素（OC）和硬化蛋白是影响SKM细胞的关键骨源介质。此外，微小RNA（miRNA）作为类似内分泌的调节剂，构成了一个复杂的网络。本综述涵盖了目前对骨 - 肌相互作用的理解，这对于理解肌肉骨骼系统在疾病发病机制中的作用至关重要，并且可能为治疗发展提供参考。
