Elamrawy Fayza M, El Aziz Ahmed Abd, Khamis Salah, Kasem Hossam
Department of Basic Science, Pharos University, Alexandria, Egypt.
Electronics and Communication Engineering Department, College of Engineering and Technology, Arab Academy for Science, Technology and Maritime Transport, Alexandria, Egypt.
Sci Rep. 2025 May 8;15(1):16064. doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-99643-z.
This study evaluates the implementation and performance of a Visible Light Communication (VLC) system designed to transmit text data between two personal computers (PCs). The proposed system utilizes three distinct light-emitting diode (LED) -Single LED, 2 × 2 LED Array, and 4 × 4 LED Array-as transmitters and three types of photodetectors-BPW34 photodiode, solar cell, and light-dependent resistor (LDR)-as receivers. Controlled by an Arduino, the system investigates the relationships between data rate, transmission distance, beam angle, LED configurations, and detector types. Experimental results confirmed that the BPW34 photodiode outperformed the solar cell and LDR in terms of maximum achievable data rate and transmission distance, consistent with its superior bandwidth and sensitivity characteristics. The findings also reveal that, at a zero-degree beam angle, the system employing the BPW34 photodiode achieved a maximum transmission distance of 9.15 m at 1 kilobit per second (kbps) with a single LED configuration, diminishing to 1.24 m at 4 kbps. The 2 × 2 LED array extended the distance 14.20 m at 1 kbps and 2.30 m at 4 kbps. Conversely, the 4 × 4 LED array exhibited the most extensive propagation distances, achieving 16.30 m at 1 kbps and maintaining 3.25 m at 4 kbps. These findings underscore the efficacy of increasing LED array size in enhancing propagation distance, particularly at lower data rates. The study highlights the potential of VLC systems for efficient indoor optical communication, providing valuable insights for optimizing LED configurations and receiver technologies in future applications.
本研究评估了一种可见光通信(VLC)系统的实现与性能,该系统旨在在两台个人计算机(PC)之间传输文本数据。所提出的系统利用三种不同的发光二极管(LED)——单颗LED、2×2 LED阵列和4×4 LED阵列——作为发射器,并利用三种类型的光电探测器——BPW34光电二极管、太阳能电池和光敏电阻(LDR)——作为接收器。该系统由Arduino控制,研究了数据速率、传输距离、光束角、LED配置和探测器类型之间的关系。实验结果证实,BPW34光电二极管在最大可实现数据速率和传输距离方面优于太阳能电池和LDR,这与其卓越的带宽和灵敏度特性一致。研究结果还表明,在零度光束角下,采用BPW34光电二极管的系统在单颗LED配置下,在1千比特每秒(kbps)时实现了9.15米的最大传输距离,在4 kbps时降至1.24米。2×2 LED阵列在1 kbps时将距离延长至14.20米,在4 kbps时延长至2.30米。相反,4×4 LED阵列展现出最广泛的传播距离,在1 kbps时达到16.30米,在4 kbps时保持3.25米。这些发现强调了增加LED阵列尺寸在提高传播距离方面的有效性,尤其是在较低数据速率下。该研究突出了VLC系统在高效室内光通信方面的潜力,为未来应用中优化LED配置和接收器技术提供了有价值的见解。