Lee Myeongseob, Kim Junghyun, Kim Haedong, Shin Jaeyong, Suh Junghwan
Department of Pediatrics, Severance Children's Hospital, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea.
Division of Tourism and Wellness, Hankuk University of Foreign Studies (HUFS), Yongin, Republic of Korea.
Sci Rep. 2025 May 9;15(1):16165. doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-98529-4.
Precocious puberty is characterized by early sexual maturation in children before 8 years in girls and 9 years in boys. While puberty is initiated by the activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis, precise mechanisms triggering the early activation of this axis in children with central precocious puberty (CPP) remain elusive. Here, we aimed to identify variables that may influence the risk of CPP. This retrospective cohort study utilized data from the Korean National Health Insurance Service and National Health Screening Program for Infants and Children and included 43,952 children with CPP and 854,749 controls. Participants were followed up until 2020 for CPP development to determine their height, weight, and head circumference measurements, as well as evaluate their physiological, emotional, cognitive, and social development. The birth weights for boys and girls with CPP were 0.09 and 0.06 kg lower than those of controls, respectively. Breastfeeding rates for children with CPP were lower than those for controls. Children with low birth weights (boys: odds ratio [OR] = 1.71, P < 0.0001; girls: OR 1.30, P < 0.0001) and those who were overweight (boys: OR 1.33, P = 0.0006; girls: OR 1.30, P < 0.0001) or obese (boys: OR 1.60, P < 0.0001; girls: OR 1.14, P < 0.0001) were more likely to develop CPP. Breastfeeding exerted a significant protective effect against CPP in girls (OR 0.95, P = 0.0003). Low birth weight and high body mass index were associated with CPP development.
性早熟的特征是女孩在8岁前、男孩在9岁前出现性早熟。虽然青春期是由下丘脑-垂体-性腺轴的激活引发的，但在中枢性性早熟（CPP）儿童中触发该轴早期激活的精确机制仍不清楚。在这里，我们旨在确定可能影响CPP风险的变量。这项回顾性队列研究利用了韩国国民健康保险服务和国家婴幼儿健康筛查计划的数据，包括43952名CPP儿童和854749名对照。对参与者进行随访至2020年，以确定CPP的发展情况，测量他们的身高、体重和头围，并评估他们的生理、情感、认知和社会发展。患有CPP的男孩和女孩的出生体重分别比对照组低0.09千克和0.06千克。患有CPP的儿童的母乳喂养率低于对照组。低出生体重儿童（男孩：比值比[OR]=1.71，P<0.0001；女孩：OR 1.30，P<0.0001）以及超重（男孩：OR 1.33，P=0.0006；女孩：OR 1.30，P<0.0001）或肥胖（男孩：OR 1.60，P<0.0001；女孩：OR 1.14，P<0.0001）的儿童更有可能患CPP。母乳喂养对女孩患CPP有显著的保护作用（OR 0.95，P=0.0003）。低出生体重和高体重指数与CPP的发展有关。
