de Oliveira Bruno Rodrigues, Zuffo Alan Mario, Dos Santos Silva Francisco Charles, Steiner Fábio, AlGarawi Amal Mohamed, Okla Mohammad K, Nhs Mousa, Alhaj Hamoud Yousef, Josko Izabela, Sheteiwy Mohamed S, Alyafei Mohamed Salem, Sulieman Saad
Editora Pantanal, Nova Xavantina, MT, Brazil.
Department of Agronomy, State University of Maranhão, Balsas, MA, Brazil.
BMC Plant Biol. 2025 May 9;25(1):608. doi: 10.1186/s12870-025-06536-4.
A study using random forest (RF) algorithms and principal component analysis (PCA) was proposed to identify the effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal inoculation, the seed maturation stage and the geographic diversity of Pimpinella anisum L. accessions on the physicochemical composition of seeds. Seeds of six anise varieties from North African and Middle Eastern accessions were inoculated or not inoculated with AMF (an arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus) and then grown under controlled conditions. Seeds were harvested at three different maturity stages: mature seeds (157 d after sowing), premature seeds (147 d after sowing), and immature seeds (137 d after sowing). Forty-nine variables related to physical properties, total nutrients, metabolic compounds, essential oils, and biological activity were measured in P. anisum seeds.
The RF algorithm allows the differentiation of P. anisum varieties inoculated with AMF from different countries in North Africa and the Middle East. This evidence proves that the geographic origin of P. anisum seeds significantly influences the efficiency of the symbiotic association between anise roots and AMF. In turn, no significant effects of the seed maturation stage on the symbiotic interaction of plants with mycorrhizae were observed. The chemical compounds related to the biological activity of seeds are not influenced by AMF, followed by chemical compounds related to metabolism, total nutrients, and oil components.
The performance of classification models using RF is driven primarily by independent variables related to the chemical composition of anise seeds, overshadowing the effects of geographic diversity and the seed maturation stage. Among the chemical constituents of the seed, the variables belonging to the biological activity category best contain information (patterns) on the impacts of AMF inoculation.
本研究采用随机森林（RF）算法和主成分分析（PCA）来确定丛枝菌根真菌接种、种子成熟阶段以及茴芹（Pimpinella anisum L.）种质的地理多样性对种子理化成分的影响。来自北非和中东种质的六个茴芹品种的种子接种或未接种丛枝菌根真菌（AMF），然后在可控条件下种植。在三个不同成熟阶段收获种子：成熟种子（播种后157天）、早熟种子（播种后147天）和未成熟种子（播种后137天）。对茴芹种子中与物理性质、总养分、代谢化合物、精油和生物活性相关的49个变量进行了测量。
RF算法能够区分来自北非和中东不同国家接种AMF的茴芹品种。这一证据证明，茴芹种子的地理起源显著影响茴芹根与AMF之间共生关系的效率。反过来，未观察到种子成熟阶段对植物与菌根共生相互作用有显著影响。与种子生物活性相关的化合物不受AMF影响，其次是与代谢、总养分和油成分相关的化合物。
使用RF的分类模型的性能主要由与茴芹种子化学成分相关的自变量驱动，掩盖了地理多样性和种子成熟阶段的影响。在种子的化学成分中，属于生物活性类别的变量最能包含有关AMF接种影响的信息（模式）。
