Autoimmune hemolytic anemia in COVID-19 patients: A systematic review of 105 cases on clinical characteristics and outcomes.

BACKGROUND

COVID-19 has been linked to autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA), a rare but serious condition causing red blood cell destruction. This systematic review examines the clinical characteristics, management, and outcomes of AIHA in COVID-19 patients.

METHODS

A systematic search of PubMed, CINAHL, and Scopus identified 85 studies encompassing 105 patients. Data on demographics, clinical features, and treatment outcomes were extracted.

RESULTS

Of 1402 articles, 85 met inclusion criteria. Most patients were male (54.3 %) with a mean age of 50.6 years, predominantly from Asia (83.5 %). Cold agglutinin AIHA was most common (48.2 %). Presenting symptoms included fatigue, dyspnea, and fever. Steroids were the most effective treatment, used in 95 % of recovered cases. Mortality was 14.3 %, with 26.7 % of deaths directly related to AIHA.

CONCLUSIONS

COVID-19 is associated with AIHA, often presenting with non-specific symptoms. Early recognition and prompt steroid therapy are critical for improving outcomes. Further research is needed to guide management.