Liu Xuemei, Wang Dongzhi, Zhang Zhaoheng, Lin Xuelei, Xiao Jun
Laboratory of Advanced Breeding Technologies, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
Laboratory of Advanced Breeding Technologies, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
Trends Genet. 2025 May 9. doi: 10.1016/j.tig.2025.04.008.
Bread wheat (Triticum aestivum) has undergone a complex evolutionary history shaped by polyploidization, domestication, and adaptation. Recent advances in multiomics approaches have shed light on the role of epigenetic mechanisms, including DNA methylation, histone modification, chromatin accessibility, and noncoding RNAs, in regulating gene expression throughout these processes. Epigenomic reprogramming contributes to genome stability and subgenome differentiation and modulates key agronomic traits by influencing flowering time, environmental responses, and developmental programs. This review synthesizes current insights into epigenetic regulation of wheat speciation, adaptation, and development, highlighting their potential applications in crop improvement. A deeper understanding of these mechanisms will facilitate targeted breeding strategies leveraging epigenetic variations to enhance wheat resilience and productivity in the face of changing environments.
面包小麦（普通小麦）经历了由多倍体化、驯化和适应塑造的复杂进化历史。多组学方法的最新进展揭示了表观遗传机制，包括DNA甲基化、组蛋白修饰、染色质可及性和非编码RNA，在这些过程中调控基因表达的作用。表观基因组重编程有助于基因组稳定性和亚基因组分化，并通过影响开花时间、环境响应和发育程序来调节关键农艺性状。本文综述综合了目前对小麦物种形成、适应和发育的表观遗传调控的见解，强调了它们在作物改良中的潜在应用。对这些机制的更深入理解将有助于利用表观遗传变异的定向育种策略，以提高小麦在不断变化的环境中的恢复力和生产力。
