Mikó Zsanett, Bókony Veronika, Ujhegyi Nikolett, Nemesházi Edina, Erös Réka, Orf Stephanie, Hettyey Attila
Department of Evolutionary Ecology, HUN-REN Centre for Agricultural Research, Plant Protection Institute, Brunszvik u. 2, H- 2462, Martonvásár, Hungary; Department of Systematic Zoology and Ecology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Péter Sétány 1/C, H-1117, Budapest, Hungary.
Department of Evolutionary Ecology, HUN-REN Centre for Agricultural Research, Plant Protection Institute, Brunszvik u. 2, H- 2462, Martonvásár, Hungary.
Aquat Toxicol. 2025 Jul;284:107400. doi: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2025.107400. Epub 2025 May 5.
The widespread application of pesticides makes it important to understand the impacts of these chemicals on wildlife. Chlorpyrifos, an organophosphate insecticide that is still used en masse over large parts of the globe, can affect the development and behavior of non-target organisms and may thereby alter predator-prey interactions. To investigate whether environmentally relevant concentrations of chlorpyrifos affect survival, somatic, cerebral, and sexual development, as well as anti-predator behavior of the agile frog (Rana dalmatina), we exposed tadpoles to one of three treatments (0, 0.5, or 5 μg chlorpyrifos / L) either for three days (acute exposure) or throughout larval development (chronic exposure). We measured mortality, activity, and space use in the presence or absence of chemical cues of predatory fish, brain morphology, length of larval development, body mass at metamorphosis and two months later, and phenotypic sex. Compared to control individuals, tadpoles acutely exposed to 5 μg/L chlorpyrifos showed a shorter freezing response to predator cue on the first observation day. Also, chronic exposure to the same concentration decreased body mass at metamorphosis. Neither the chronically nor the acutely applied 0.5 μg/L chlorpyrifos concentration had any significant effect on the evaluated traits. Our results demonstrate that exposure to chlorpyrifos can induce changes in behavior and may result in lowered body mass of agile frog tadpoles, but only if the insecticide is present chronically at relatively high concentrations. Thus, agile frog tadpoles appear to be relatively tolerant to chlorpyrifos, but may suffer from its repeated high-dose application.
农药的广泛应用使得了解这些化学物质对野生动物的影响变得至关重要。毒死蜱是一种有机磷杀虫剂，目前仍在全球大部分地区大量使用，它会影响非目标生物的发育和行为，进而可能改变捕食者与猎物之间的相互作用。为了研究与环境相关浓度的毒死蜱是否会影响机敏蛙（欧洲林蛙）的存活、躯体、大脑和性发育以及反捕食行为，我们将蝌蚪暴露于三种处理之一（0、0.5或5微克毒死蜱/升），处理时间为三天（急性暴露）或整个幼体发育阶段（慢性暴露）。我们测量了在有或没有捕食性鱼类化学信号的情况下的死亡率、活动情况和空间利用情况、脑形态、幼体发育时长、变态时以及变态两个月后的体重，还有表型性别。与对照个体相比，急性暴露于5微克/升毒死蜱的蝌蚪在首次观察日对捕食者信号的僵滞反应更短。此外，长期暴露于相同浓度的毒死蜱会降低变态时的体重。无论是长期还是急性施用0.5微克/升毒死蜱浓度，对所评估的性状均无显著影响。我们的结果表明，接触毒死蜱会引发行为变化，并可能导致机敏蛙蝌蚪体重下降，但前提是杀虫剂长期以相对高的浓度存在。因此，机敏蛙蝌蚪似乎对毒死蜱具有相对耐受性，但可能会因反复高剂量施用而受到影响。
