Zied Abozied Eman, Munford Luke Aaron, Copeland Alison, Kasim Adetayo, Husband Andy, Bambra Clare, Todd Adam
Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
Division of Population Health, Health Services Research and Primary Care, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
BMJ Open. 2025 May 11;15(5):e095540. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2024-095540.
(1) Determine geographical access to community pharmacy in England, (2) explore the relationship between community pharmacy access and urbanity and multiple deprivation and (3) understand any changes in access over time.
An area-level spatial analysis study exploring the relationship between spatial access to and availability of community pharmacies over the past 10 years from 2014 to 2023, deprivation and urbanicity, using Geographic Information System and descriptive statistics on a Middle layer Super Output Area level.
Availability per 10 000 people of a community pharmacy in their local area.
For geographical access, in 2014, 91.3% of people lived within a 20-minute walk to a community pharmacy and, in 2023, this number increased to 91.7%. There was a positive relationship between geographical community pharmacy access and urbanity and geographical community pharmacy access and deprivation. For availability, the median number of community pharmacies per 10 000 people in 2014 was 1.60, while in 2023, the number reduced to 1.51 community pharmacies per 10 000 people. The most deprived areas were more likely to lose a pharmacy, compared with the least deprived areas (OR 1.65 (1.38, 1.98)).
There is high access to community pharmacies in England with access to a community pharmacy greatest in the most deprived areas, showing that the 'positive pharmacy care law' remains. However, the 'positive pharmacy care law' is eroding as the availability of community pharmacies has reduced over time-particularly in deprived areas, with more people reliant on each community pharmacy.
（1）确定英格兰社区药房的地理可达性；（2）探讨社区药房可达性与城市化及多重贫困之间的关系；（3）了解可达性随时间的变化情况。
一项区域层面的空间分析研究，利用地理信息系统和中层超级输出区域层面的描述性统计数据，探讨2014年至2023年过去10年中社区药房的空间可达性与可及性、贫困和城市化之间的关系。
当地每10000人中社区药房的可及性。
在地理可达性方面，2014年，91.3%的人居住在步行20分钟可到达社区药房的范围内，2023年，这一比例增至91.7%。社区药房的地理可达性与城市化以及与贫困之间存在正相关关系。在可及性方面，2014年每10000人中社区药房的中位数为1.60家，而2023年，这一数字降至每10000人1.51家社区药房。与最不贫困地区相比，最贫困地区更有可能失去一家药房（比值比1.65（1.38，1.98））。
在英格兰，社区药房可及性较高，最贫困地区获得社区药房的机会最大，这表明“积极药房护理法”仍然有效。然而，随着时间的推移，社区药房的可及性有所下降，尤其是在贫困地区，依赖每家社区药房的人数增多，“积极药房护理法”正在受到侵蚀。
