Liu Lili, Guo Xin, Zhang Ding, Ma Rujun
School of Materials Science and Engineering, National Institute for Advanced Materials, Nankai University, Tongyan Road 38, Tianjin 300350, China.
Mater Horiz. 2025 Jul 28;12(15):5473-5491. doi: 10.1039/d4mh01931h.
Direct conversion of ubiquitous heat energy into electricity is crucial for the development of green and sustainable power sources and self-powered electronic devices. Compared with traditional semiconductor thermoelectric materials, emerging thermogalvanic hydrogels offer high thermopowers, excellent intrinsic flexibilities, and low manufacturing costs, making them highly promising for low-grade thermal energy harvesting, self-powered flexible electronics, and wearable health monitoring devices. This review summarizes the recent advancements in thermogalvanic hydrogels, focusing on the strategies employed to enhance their thermoelectric properties and mechanical performances and expand their operational temperature ranges. We also explore their potential applications in low-grade heat harvesting for powering electronic devices and wearable applications. This review will provide valuable insights and guidance for the development and application of high-performance thermogalvanic hydrogels by systematically analyzing the potential of thermogalvanic hydrogels for flexible energy supply systems, outlining the performance enhancement mechanisms, and further discussing the current challenges and opportunities.
将无处不在的热能直接转化为电能对于绿色可持续能源及自供电电子设备的发展至关重要。与传统半导体热电材料相比，新兴的热电流水凝胶具有高热功率、出色的固有柔韧性和较低的制造成本，使其在低品位热能收集、自供电柔性电子器件及可穿戴健康监测设备方面极具潜力。本文综述了热电流水凝胶的最新进展，重点关注用于增强其热电性能和机械性能以及扩大其工作温度范围的策略。我们还探讨了它们在为电子设备供电的低品位热量收集及可穿戴应用中的潜在应用。通过系统分析热电流水凝胶在柔性能源供应系统中的潜力、概述性能增强机制并进一步讨论当前的挑战与机遇，本综述将为高性能热电流水凝胶的开发与应用提供有价值的见解和指导。
