Wilkhoo Harsahaj Singh, Islam Afra Wasama, Wilkhoo Harkirat Singh, Hussain Suhaib, Singh Bharat, Kadam Saumya Rajesh
Faculty of Medicine, Tbilisi State Medical University, Tbilisi, Georgia.
ClinNova International, Tbilisi, Georgia.
Discoveries (Craiova). 2025 Mar 31;13(1):e204. doi: 10.15190/d.2025.3. eCollection 2025 Jan-Mar.
Human metapneumovirus is a respiratory pathogen that infects children, the elderly, and immunocompromised individuals. Despite its global prevalence, underdiagnosis persists because of clinical overlap with other respiratory viruses. The current approach is mostly supportive, with oxygen therapy and hydration being crucial interventions. Ribavirin contains antiviral properties but has little clinical application. Vaccine development is moving forward, with prospects including live-attenuated, subunit-based, and virus-like particle vaccines. Molecular diagnostics, such as RT-PCR and metagenomic sequencing, have increased detection rates, which aids epidemiological monitoring. Monoclonal antibodies targeting the fusion (F) protein are being studied for passive immunity, while immunomodulatory treatments such as corticosteroids and intravenous immunoglobulins may help treat severe cases. Emerging treatments include fusion inhibitors and pan-pneumovirus vaccinations that protect against HMPV and RSV. Future research should concentrate on optimizing antiviral methods, increasing vaccination trials, and improving surveillance to detect outbreaks. A multidisciplinary approach that combines virology, immunology, and epidemiology is required to reduce HMPV's effect and improve patient outcomes. This review serves as a comprehensive literature about HMPV which provides all the crucial clinical perspectives and the latest advancements in management, antivirals, patient prognosis as well and diagnostic modalities.
人偏肺病毒是一种呼吸道病原体，可感染儿童、老年人和免疫功能低下者。尽管它在全球广泛流行，但由于与其他呼吸道病毒存在临床症状重叠，其诊断不足的情况仍然存在。目前的治疗方法主要是支持性治疗，氧疗和补液是关键干预措施。利巴韦林具有抗病毒特性，但临床应用较少。疫苗研发正在推进，前景包括减毒活疫苗、亚单位疫苗和病毒样颗粒疫苗。分子诊断方法，如逆转录聚合酶链反应（RT-PCR）和宏基因组测序，提高了检测率，有助于流行病学监测。针对融合（F）蛋白的单克隆抗体正在研究用于被动免疫，而免疫调节治疗，如皮质类固醇和静脉注射免疫球蛋白，可能有助于治疗重症病例。新兴治疗方法包括融合抑制剂和针对人偏肺病毒和呼吸道合胞病毒的全肺病毒疫苗。未来的研究应集中在优化抗病毒方法、增加疫苗试验以及改善监测以发现疫情爆发。需要一种结合病毒学、免疫学和流行病学的多学科方法来减轻人偏肺病毒的影响并改善患者预后。这篇综述是关于人偏肺病毒的全面文献，提供了所有关键的临床观点以及在管理、抗病毒治疗、患者预后和诊断方式方面的最新进展。
