Zhao Siqi, Chen Fei, Hu Lingyu, Li Xiaoping, Gao Zhaofeng, Chen Minjie, Wang Xiaoguang, Song Zhengwei
Department of Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, Zhejiang, China.
Front Immunol. 2025 Apr 25;16:1523190. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2025.1523190. eCollection 2025.
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) represents a major global health challenge, characterized by its complex immune microenvironment that plays a pivotal role in tumor progression and therapeutic response. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have emerged as critical regulators of various biological processes, including gene expression and immune cell function. This review explores the multifaceted roles of lncRNAs in modulating the immune microenvironment of HCC. We discuss how lncRNAs influence the infiltration and activation of immune cells, shape cytokine profiles, and regulate immune checkpoint molecules, thereby affecting the tumor's immunogenicity and response to immunotherapy. Furthermore, we highlight specific lncRNAs implicated in immune evasion mechanisms and their potential as biomarkers and therapeutic targets. By elucidating the intricate interplay between lncRNAs and the immune landscape in HCC, this review aims to provide insights into novel strategies for enhancing immunotherapeutic efficacy and improving patient outcomes.
肝细胞癌（HCC）是一项重大的全球健康挑战，其特征在于复杂的免疫微环境，该环境在肿瘤进展和治疗反应中起关键作用。长链非编码RNA（lncRNA）已成为各种生物学过程的关键调节因子，包括基因表达和免疫细胞功能。本综述探讨了lncRNA在调节HCC免疫微环境中的多方面作用。我们讨论了lncRNA如何影响免疫细胞的浸润和激活、塑造细胞因子谱以及调节免疫检查点分子，从而影响肿瘤的免疫原性和对免疫治疗的反应。此外，我们强调了与免疫逃逸机制相关的特定lncRNA及其作为生物标志物和治疗靶点的潜力。通过阐明lncRNA与HCC免疫格局之间的复杂相互作用，本综述旨在为提高免疫治疗疗效和改善患者预后的新策略提供见解。
