Dept of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, 110029, India.
Dept of Dermatology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, 46202, USA.
Mol Cell Biochem. 2024 Dec;479(12):3229-3254. doi: 10.1007/s11010-024-04933-1. Epub 2024 Feb 28.
Cancer remains a major global health concern with high mortality rates mainly due to late diagnosis and poor prognosis. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are emerging as key regulators of gene expression in human cancer, functioning through various mechanisms including as competing endogenous RNAs (ceRNAs) and indirectly regulating miRNA expression. LncRNAs have been found to have both oncogenic and tumor-suppressive roles in cancer, with the former promoting cancer cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and poor prognosis. Recent research has shown that lncRNAs are expressed in various immune cells and are involved in cancer cell immune escape and the modulation of the tumor microenvironment, thus highlighting their potential as targets for cancer immunotherapy. Targeting lncRNAs in cancer or immune cells could enhance the anti-tumor immune response and improve cancer immunotherapy outcomes. However, further research is required to fully understand the functional roles of lncRNAs in cancer and the immune system and their potential as targets for cancer immunotherapy. This review offers a comprehensive examination of the multifaceted roles of lncRNAs in human cancers, with a focus on their potential as targets for cancer immunotherapy. By exploring the intricate mechanisms underlying lncRNA-mediated regulation of cancer cell proliferation, invasion, and immune evasion, we provide insights into the diverse therapeutic applications of these molecules.
癌症仍然是一个主要的全球健康关注点，其高死亡率主要归因于晚期诊断和预后不良。长链非编码 RNA（lncRNA）作为人类癌症中基因表达的关键调节剂而崭露头角，其作用机制包括竞争性内源性 RNA（ceRNA）和间接调节 miRNA 表达。lncRNA 在癌症中具有致癌和抑癌作用，前者促进癌细胞增殖、迁移、侵袭和预后不良。最近的研究表明，lncRNA 在各种免疫细胞中表达，并参与癌细胞的免疫逃逸和肿瘤微环境的调节，从而凸显了它们作为癌症免疫治疗靶点的潜力。靶向癌症或免疫细胞中的 lncRNA 可以增强抗肿瘤免疫反应并改善癌症免疫治疗效果。然而，需要进一步的研究来全面了解 lncRNA 在癌症和免疫系统中的功能作用及其作为癌症免疫治疗靶点的潜力。本综述全面考察了 lncRNA 在人类癌症中的多方面作用，重点探讨了它们作为癌症免疫治疗靶点的潜力。通过探讨 lncRNA 介导的癌细胞增殖、侵袭和免疫逃逸的复杂调节机制，为这些分子的多种治疗应用提供了深入的见解。
