Stein Matthias, Böttcher Nicole, Tohidnezhad Mersedeh, Fragoulis Athanassios, Bayer Andreas, Klump Hannes, Baron Jens M, Pufe Thomas
Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Uniklinik RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany.
Center for Clinical Anatomy, Institute of Anatomy, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany.
J Cosmet Dermatol. 2025 May;24(5):e70228. doi: 10.1111/jocd.70228.
BACKGROUND: Platelet-released-growth factors (PRGF) and platelet-rich plasma (PRP) are blood-derived products used in regenerative treatments and in overall aesthetic rejuvenation. Keratinocytes possess distinctive characteristics responsible for protection against environmental stressors and oxidant clearance. One such mechanism is the transcription factor NRF2, which plays a critical role in regulating cytoprotective genes, inflammation, and oxidative stress response. Data on the activation of the NRF2-ARE and NF-κB axes by PRGF are very limited. AIM: This study aims to investigate whether PRGF activates NRF2 and, if so, is responsible for the described anti-inflammatory effect of PRGF/PRP in an in vitro primary human keratinocyte model. METHODS: NRF2 activation is analyzed by NQO1 and HO-1 western blotting, gene expression analysis, and by an ARE-promoter study using luciferase-based reporter gene assays in patient-derived keratinocytes. Besides direct determination of the PRGF-NRF2 interaction, we investigated the NF-κB response by treating cells with PRGF and the inflammatory stimuli TNF-α. Inflammatory parameters were analyzed using ELISAs for IL-1β, IL-4, Il-10, TNF-α and IL-6 in the supernatant, NF-κB luciferase reporter gene assays as well a-NF-κB western blotting. NRF2 involvement was tested by treating the cell-culture model with the NRF2-inhibitor ML-385. RESULTS: We were able to show that ARE activity was significantly upregulated in PRGF-treated keratinocytes, leading subsequently to increased NQO1 and HO-1 protein expression. Inflammatory IL-secretion showed an association with NRF2 availability. CONCLUSIONS: In summary, PRGFs activate NRF2 target proteins and downregulate NF-κB-associated inflammation in an NRF2-dependent manner. Therefore, we further suggest PRGF as an anti-inflammatory treatment after medical aesthetic procedures.
背景:血小板释放生长因子(PRGF)和富血小板血浆(PRP)是用于再生治疗和整体美容年轻化的血液衍生产品。角质形成细胞具有独特的特性,负责抵御环境应激源和清除氧化剂。其中一种机制是转录因子NRF2,它在调节细胞保护基因、炎症和氧化应激反应中起关键作用。关于PRGF对NRF2-ARE和NF-κB轴的激活作用的数据非常有限。 目的:本研究旨在调查PRGF是否激活NRF2,如果是,在体外原代人角质形成细胞模型中是否对PRGF/PRP所述的抗炎作用负责。 方法:通过NQO1和HO-1蛋白质免疫印迹法、基因表达分析以及在患者来源的角质形成细胞中使用基于荧光素酶的报告基因检测进行ARE启动子研究,分析NRF2的激活情况。除了直接测定PRGF与NRF2的相互作用外,我们还通过用PRGF和炎性刺激物TNF-α处理细胞来研究NF-κB反应。使用酶联免疫吸附测定法(ELISA)分析上清液中IL-1β、IL-4、Il-10、TNF-α和IL-6的炎症参数,进行NF-κB荧光素酶报告基因检测以及α-NF-κB蛋白质免疫印迹法。通过用NRF2抑制剂ML-385处理细胞培养模型来测试NRF2的参与情况。 结果:我们能够证明,在PRGF处理的角质形成细胞中ARE活性显著上调,随后导致NQO1和HO-1蛋白表达增加。炎性IL分泌与NRF2的可用性相关。 结论:总之,PRGF以NRF2依赖的方式激活NRF2靶蛋白并下调NF-κB相关炎症。因此,我们进一步建议将PRGF作为医学美容手术后的抗炎治疗方法。
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