Zhao WenYan, Zhou YuLiang, Hu YingYing, Wang Jing, Zhu Hong, Li YaHong, Xu ZhiPeng
Department of Neuropsychology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, 430000 Wuhan, Hubei, China.
Department of Applied Psychology, South-Central Minzu University, 430000 Wuhan, Hubei, China.
Actas Esp Psiquiatr. 2025 May;53(3):464-475. doi: 10.62641/aep.v53i3.1831.
Outbreaks of infectious disease represent unique stressors for the general population. In this study, we investigated the prevalence of mental health symptoms and associated risk factors in the general population of China during the Omicron wave.
We conducted a cross-sectional and large sample online survey during the surge of Omicron cases between 17 December 2022 and 8 January 2023 among Chinese citizens. Then we assessed the prevalence of symptoms of anxiety, depression, insomnia, acute stress disorder, and resilience levels, in the general population of China during the Omicron pandemic by utilizing the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) anxiety scale (CAS), the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D), the Insomnia Severity Index scale (ISI), the Stanford Acute Stress Reaction Questionnaire (SASRQ), and the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC). Multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to identify demographic and Omicron-related risk factors.
In total, 2800 respondents across 32 provinces and autonomous regions on the Chinese mainland participated in this survey; 1133 (40.5%) were male, and 1860 (66.4%) were 40 years-of-age or younger. The prevalence of anxiety, depression, insomnia, and acute stress disorder was 52%, 58.3%, 45.2%, and 34.8%, respectively. After adjustment for covariates, female gender, a younger age, being unmarried, low income, and a non-medical post were all associated with mental health problems. During the course of infection, participants had a higher risk of developing symptoms of anxiety (odds ratio [OR]: 1.27; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.03-1.57; p = 0.028), depression (OR: 1.76; 95% CI: 1.44-2.16; p < 0.001), insomnia (OR: 1.95; 95% CI: 1.57-2.42, p < 0.001) and acute stress disorder (OR: 1.56; 95% CI: 1.25-1.93, p = 0.001). In addition, we found that a lower resilience among participants was associated with a higher risk of anxiety, depression, insomnia, and acute stress disorder (p < 0.001).
Omicron-related stress had a profound effect on the mental health of the general population of China, especially among those infected during the course of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and with lower resilience. Our findings suggest that mental health can be improved during a pandemic by increasing resilience.
传染病爆发对普通人群来说是独特的压力源。在本研究中，我们调查了奥密克戎毒株流行期间中国普通人群心理健康症状的患病率及相关风险因素。
在2022年12月17日至2023年1月8日奥密克戎病例激增期间，我们对中国公民进行了一项横断面大样本在线调查。然后，我们通过使用2019冠状病毒病（COVID-19）焦虑量表（CAS）、流行病学研究中心抑郁量表（CES-D）、失眠严重程度指数量表（ISI）、斯坦福急性应激反应问卷（SASRQ）和康纳-戴维森韧性量表（CD-RISC），评估了奥密克戎大流行期间中国普通人群中焦虑、抑郁、失眠、急性应激障碍症状的患病率以及韧性水平。采用多因素逻辑回归分析来确定人口统计学和奥密克戎相关的风险因素。
中国大陆32个省、自治区的2800名受访者参与了本次调查；其中男性1133人（40.5%），40岁及以下者1860人（66.4%）。焦虑、抑郁、失眠和急性应激障碍的患病率分别为52%、58.3%、45.2%和34.8%。在对协变量进行调整后，女性、较年轻、未婚、低收入和非医疗岗位都与心理健康问题相关。在感染过程中，参与者出现焦虑症状（比值比[OR]：1.27；95%置信区间[CI]：1.03 - 1.57；p = 0.028）、抑郁症状（OR：1.76；95% CI：1.44 - 2.16；p < 0.001）、失眠症状（OR：1.95；95% CI：1.57 - 2.42，p < 0.001）和急性应激障碍症状（OR：1.56；95% CI：1.25 - 1.93，p = 0.001）的风险更高。此外，我们发现参与者较低的韧性与焦虑、抑郁、失眠和急性应激障碍的较高风险相关（p < 0.001）。
与奥密克戎相关的压力对中国普通人群的心理健康产生了深远影响，尤其是在2019冠状病毒病（COVID-19）感染期间以及韧性较低的人群中。我们的研究结果表明，在大流行期间通过提高韧性可以改善心理健康。
