Leal Gabriela Fonsêca, da Macena Mariana Alencar, da Silva Romilda Ramos, da Silva Sousa Hermanny Matos, Guarda Patrícia Martins, de Souza Martins Glêndara Aparecida
Graduate Program in Food Science and Technology, Department of Food Science and Technology, Federal University of Tocantins (UFT), Palmas, 77001-090, Brazil.; Kinetics and Process Modeling Laboratory, Department of Food Science and Technology, Federal University of Tocantins (UFT), Palmas, 77001-090, Brazil.; Department of Food Science, Federal University of Lavras (UFLA), Lavras, MG 37200-900, Brazil.
Kinetics and Process Modeling Laboratory, Department of Food Science and Technology, Federal University of Tocantins (UFT), Palmas, 77001-090, Brazil.
Food Res Int. 2025 Jun;211:116430. doi: 10.1016/j.foodres.2025.116430. Epub 2025 Apr 17.
Taturuba (Pouteria macrophylla), a native Amazonian fruit, is a rich source of phenolic compounds with potent antioxidant properties. This study evaluates the efficiency of deep eutectic solvents (DESs) as sustainable extraction agents and their role in stabilizing bioactive compounds. To achieve this, the raw material was characterized in terms of its sugar, amino acid, mineral, and phenolic acid profiles. Bioactive compound extraction was performed using DESs (choline chloride + acetic acid (ClC: AcA), choline chloride + lactic acid (ClC:AcL), menthol + lactic acid (Men:AcL)) and 80 % ethanol (Et:Ag), combined with maceration (MA) and ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE). The extracts were then analyzed for phenolic content and antioxidant activity. To enhance stability, the extracted phenolic compounds were encapsulated using extrusion and ionotropic gelation, and the microcapsules were evaluated for morphology and stability under different storage conditions. Chromatographic analysis revealed that the peel+pulp fraction contained high levels of gallic acid (9446.978 μg/g) and syringic acid (2462.715 μg/g), along with significant amounts of sucrose (1.659 g/100 g), fructose (1.545 g/100 g), and iron (26.748 mg/100 g). The seed fraction was rich in proteins, particularly leucine (0.61 g/100 g), lysine (0.36 g/100 g), and valine (0.44 g/100 g). The peel+pulp fraction extracted with Et:Ag under ultrasound-assisted conditions exhibited the highest phenolic content (24.330 mg GAE/g), along with DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activities exceeding 90 %. ClC:AcA was the most efficient DES for flavonoid extraction in both fractions. Encapsulation effectively produced uniform microcapsules; however, protective efficiency varied with storage conditions. While phenolics retained their bioactivity in the absence of light, exposure to light significantly reduced their stability. This study underscores the potential of Pouteria macrophylla as a sustainable source of bioactive compounds, with promising applications in the food, pharmaceutical, and cosmetic industries. By integrating DES-based extraction and encapsulation technologies, this research advances environmentally friendly methodologies while providing critical insights into the stability and functionality of bioactive compounds.
大果桃榄（Pouteria macrophylla）是一种原产于亚马逊地区的水果，富含具有强大抗氧化特性的酚类化合物。本研究评估了深共熔溶剂（DESs）作为可持续萃取剂的效率及其在稳定生物活性化合物方面的作用。为此，对原材料的糖、氨基酸、矿物质和酚酸谱进行了表征。使用DESs（氯化胆碱+乙酸（ClC:AcA）、氯化胆碱+乳酸（ClC:AcL）、薄荷醇+乳酸（Men:AcL））和80%乙醇（Et:Ag）结合浸渍法（MA）和超声辅助萃取法（UAE）进行生物活性化合物的萃取。然后对提取物的酚含量和抗氧化活性进行分析。为提高稳定性，采用挤压法和离子凝胶法对提取的酚类化合物进行包封，并对微胶囊在不同储存条件下的形态和稳定性进行评估。色谱分析表明，果皮+果肉部分含有高水平的没食子酸（9446.978μg/g）和丁香酸（2462.715μg/g），以及大量的蔗糖（1.659g/100g）、果糖（1.545g/100g）和铁（26.748mg/100g）。种子部分富含蛋白质，尤其是亮氨酸（0.61g/100g）、赖氨酸（0.36g/100g）和缬氨酸（0.44g/100g）。在超声辅助条件下用Et:Ag萃取的果皮+果肉部分表现出最高的酚含量（24.330mg GAE/g），其对DPPH和ABTS自由基的清除活性超过90%。ClC:AcA是两种组分中萃取黄酮类化合物最有效的DES。包封有效地制备出了均匀的微胶囊；然而，保护效率因储存条件而异。虽然酚类化合物在避光条件下保持其生物活性，但光照会显著降低其稳定性。本研究强调了大果桃榄作为生物活性化合物可持续来源的潜力，在食品、制药和化妆品行业具有广阔的应用前景。通过整合基于DES的萃取和包封技术，本研究推进了环境友好型方法，同时提供了关于生物活性化合物稳定性和功能的关键见解。
