Buti Maria, Bonanni Paolo, Ladep Nimzing, Papatheodoridis George, Frühwein Markus, James Cary, Ward John W, Vetter Volker, Cacciatore Pasquale, Kesters Divya, Dewda Pavitra, Van Damme Pierre
Liver Unit, Hospital Universitario Valle Hebrón, CIBER del Instituto Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain.
Department of Health Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy.
Expert Rev Vaccines. 2025 Dec;24(1):373-383. doi: 10.1080/14760584.2025.2502030. Epub 2025 May 20.
Hepatitis B and hepatitis A are vaccine-preventable infections of global concern. Hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis A virus (HAV) vaccines available in Europe are underutilized in some age groups. While most European countries implemented childhood HBV universal routine vaccination (URV), vaccination coverage among adults remains low. Low HAV vaccination coverage among high-risk populations due to variable national vaccination policies, low awareness of vaccination benefits, and other barriers, increases the risk for outbreaks.
We discuss the awareness of hepatitis B and hepatitis A burden in different populations in Europe, vaccination recommendations, successes, challenges, and opportunities for their implementation.
Awareness of at-risk populations and HBV/HAV vaccination recommendations should be raised among healthcare providers and the general population to increase access to vaccination. Increasing awareness that HBV vaccination contributes to reduction in the incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma can motivate adults to get vaccinated. Adult HBV URV may be considered in Europe, as in the United States, pending cost-effectiveness assessment at national levels. HAV vaccination recommendations should be updated and expanded to all at-risk persons. National HBV/HAV targets and vaccination strategies should be actively promoted to accelerate the elimination of viral hepatitis in Europe.
乙型肝炎和甲型肝炎是全球关注的可通过疫苗预防的感染性疾病。欧洲现有的乙型肝炎病毒（HBV）和甲型肝炎病毒（HAV）疫苗在某些年龄组的使用不足。虽然大多数欧洲国家实施了儿童乙肝普遍常规疫苗接种（URV），但成人的疫苗接种覆盖率仍然很低。由于各国疫苗接种政策不同、对疫苗接种益处的认识不足以及其他障碍，高危人群中甲型肝炎疫苗接种覆盖率较低，增加了暴发的风险。
我们讨论了欧洲不同人群对乙型肝炎和甲型肝炎负担的认识、疫苗接种建议、成功经验、挑战以及实施的机会。
应提高医疗保健提供者和普通人群对高危人群以及HBV/HAV疫苗接种建议的认识，以增加疫苗接种的可及性。提高对乙肝疫苗接种有助于降低肝细胞癌发病率的认识，可以促使成年人接种疫苗。在欧洲，可以像在美国一样考虑成人乙肝普遍常规疫苗接种，但需在国家层面进行成本效益评估。甲型肝炎疫苗接种建议应更新并扩大到所有高危人群。应积极推广国家HBV/HAV目标和疫苗接种策略，以加速在欧洲消除病毒性肝炎。
