Tillman P Glynn, Grabarczyk Erin E
United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Southeast Watershed Research Laboratory, Tifton, GA, USA.
Biology Department, Valodosta State University, Valdosta, GA, USA.
J Insect Sci. 2025 May 9;25(3). doi: 10.1093/jisesa/ieaf046.
Nezara viridula (L.) and Halyomorpha halys (Stål) are stink bug pests that damage fruit in a variety of crops throughout the southeastern United States. Trichopoda pennipes (F.) parasitizes N. viridula late instars and adults, however, little is known regarding parasitism of H. halys by this tachinid in systems where both stink bug species coexist. Thus, our main objective was to analyze patterns of T. pennipes parasitism for adult N. viridula and H. halys in corn, cotton, and soybean. We also assessed location of T. pennipes eggs on stink bug bodies as well as successful emergence from parasitized adults (ie at least 1 parasitoid egg per host body). Overall, the proportion of parasitized adults was higher for N. viridula compared to H. halys and higher in corn and cotton compared to soybean. Males were parasitized more often than females for both species. For N. viridula, T. pennipes developed to adults more often when eggs were laid on the ventral thorax. Supernumerary oviposition by T. pennipes was evident for both species. Even though T. pennipes readily oviposited on H. halys, new adults did not emerge from parasitized adults. For N. viridula, mortality of first instar T. pennipes was high due to their difficulty in entering the body; consequently, larval competition within the body was minimal. Adult T. pennipes emerged more often when two to four eggs were deposited on an adult stink bug. We conclude that T. pennipes prefers N. viridula as a host. Therefore, conservation biocontrol is an important management strategy for this pest.
绿盲蝽（Nezara viridula (L.)）和褐飞蝽（Halyomorpha halys (Stål)）是蝽象害虫，会对美国东南部多种作物的果实造成损害。长足寄蝇（Trichopoda pennipes (F.)）寄生于绿盲蝽的老龄若虫和成虫，然而，在这两种蝽象共存的系统中，关于这种寄蝇对褐飞蝽的寄生情况知之甚少。因此，我们的主要目标是分析长足寄蝇对玉米、棉花和大豆田中绿盲蝽成虫和褐飞蝽成虫的寄生模式。我们还评估了长足寄蝇卵在蝽象身体上的位置以及被寄生成虫的成功羽化情况（即每个宿主体内至少有1个寄生蜂卵）。总体而言，绿盲蝽被寄生成虫的比例高于褐飞蝽，且在玉米和棉花田中高于大豆田。两种蝽象的雄性被寄生的频率都高于雌性。对于绿盲蝽，当卵产在胸部腹面时，长足寄蝇更常发育为成虫。两种蝽象都明显存在长足寄蝇的超数产卵现象。尽管长足寄蝇很容易在褐飞蝽上产卵，但被寄生的成虫并未羽化出新的成虫。对于绿盲蝽，一龄长足寄蝇由于难以进入宿主体内，死亡率很高；因此，宿主体内的幼虫竞争很小。当在一只成年蝽象身上产下两到四个卵时，长足寄蝇成虫更常羽化。我们得出结论，长足寄蝇更喜欢以绿盲蝽为宿主。因此，保护生物防治是针对这种害虫的一项重要管理策略。
