Gray Weston J, Rakes Logan M, Cole Christine, Gunter Ansleigh, He Guanting, Morgan Samantha, Walsh-Antzak Camille R, Yates Jillian A, Erickson Priscilla A
Department of Biology, University of Richmond, Richmond, VA, USA.
Evolution. 2025 May 13. doi: 10.1093/evolut/qpaf102.
Invasive species often encounter novel selective pressures in their invaded range, and understanding their potential for rapid evolution can offer insight towards evolutionary processes and the factors that drive invasion success. Zaprionus indianus is an invasive drosophilid native to Africa that reached Florida in 2005 and likely re-establishes temperate North American populations each year. We addressed two evolutionary questions in this system: first, do populations evolve phenotypic changes in the generations immediately following colonization of temperate environments? Second, does Z. indianus evolve directional phenotypic changes along a latitudinal cline? We established isofemale lines from wild collections and measured twelve ecologically relevant phenotypes, using a reference strain as a control. Z. indianus evolved smaller wings following colonization, and we found evidence of significant post-colonization evolution when considering all phenotypes simultaneously. We found little evidence for latitudinal clines. However, we documented substantial laboratory evolution and large effects of the laboratory environment across multiple phenotypes, emphasizing the importance of controlling for both possibilities in common garden studies. Our results demonstrate the potential for rapid evolution in Z. indianus, which could contribute to its ongoing expansion, and offer insights towards the types of rapid evolutionary changes that might occur in invasive insects.
入侵物种在其入侵范围内常常会遇到新的选择压力，了解它们快速进化的潜力有助于洞察进化过程以及推动入侵成功的因素。印度果蝇（Zaprionus indianus）是一种原产于非洲的入侵性果蝇，于2005年抵达佛罗里达州，并且可能每年都在重新建立北美温带地区的种群。我们在这个系统中探讨了两个进化问题：第一，在温带环境定殖后的几代中，种群是否会发生表型变化？第二，印度果蝇是否会沿着纬度梯度发生定向表型变化？我们从野外采集样本建立了同雌系，并以一个参考品系作为对照，测量了12种与生态相关的表型。印度果蝇在定殖后翅膀变小，并且当同时考虑所有表型时，我们发现了定殖后显著进化的证据。我们几乎没有发现纬度梯度的证据。然而，我们记录了大量的实验室进化以及实验室环境对多种表型的巨大影响，强调了在共同花园实验中控制这两种可能性的重要性。我们的结果证明了印度果蝇快速进化的潜力，这可能有助于其持续扩张，并为入侵昆虫可能发生的快速进化变化类型提供了见解。
