Ntakiyisumba Eurade, Tanveer Maryum, Won Gayeon
College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan Campus, Gobong-ro 79, Iksan 54596, Republic of Korea.
College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan Campus, Gobong-ro 79, Iksan 54596, Republic of Korea.
Vaccine. 2025 May 31;57:127243. doi: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2025.127243. Epub 2025 May 12.
A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted to evaluate the safety and effectiveness of live attenuated vaccines (LAVs) against African swine fever (ASF) in domestic pigs, focusing on three major disease outcomes: mortality, fever, and clinical signs. The findings indicated that vaccinated pigs exhibited significantly lower risks of mortality (RR = 0.30, 95 % CI: 0.24-0.39), fever (RR = 0.46, 95 % CI: 0.38-0.56), and clinical signs (RR = 0.34, 95 % CI: 0.27-0.43), compared to unvaccinated controls, corresponding to vaccine efficacies (VE) of 70 %, 54 %, and 66 %, respectively. Although this marks significant progress toward ASF control through vaccination, the presence of significant side effects in some vaccinated pigs, such as fever (RD = 0.24, 95 % CI: 0.15-0.34) and clinical reactions (RD = 0.11, 95 % CI: 0.05-0.18) indicates that current vaccine candidates require further refinement to achieve the level of safety and protection needed for field application. Subgroup analysis revealed that homologous recombination technology is the most effective attenuation strategy, with gene deletion mutants derived from virulent strains achieving a VE of 73 % against mortality, 70 % against clinical signs, and 55 % against fever. Moreover, the efficacy and safety of LAVs are strongly influenced by the viral strain used as the vaccine backbone and the challenge strain used. A more comprehensive understanding of the antigenic, pathogenic, and immunogenic variations among ASF virus strains is crucial for the development of an effective and safe vaccine.
进行了一项系统综述和荟萃分析，以评估减毒活疫苗（LAV）在家猪中预防非洲猪瘟（ASF）的安全性和有效性，重点关注三个主要疾病结果：死亡率、发热和临床症状。研究结果表明，与未接种疫苗的对照组相比，接种疫苗的猪在死亡率（RR = 0.30，95% CI：0.24 - 0.39）、发热（RR = 0.46，95% CI：0.38 - 0.56）和临床症状（RR = 0.34，95% CI：0.27 - 0.43）方面的风险显著降低，对应的疫苗效力（VE）分别为70%、54%和66%。尽管这标志着通过疫苗接种在控制ASF方面取得了重大进展，但一些接种疫苗的猪出现了明显的副作用，如发热（RD = 0.24，95% CI：0.15 - 0.34）和临床反应（RD = 0.11，95% CI：0.05 - 0.18），这表明目前的候选疫苗需要进一步优化，以达到田间应用所需的安全性和保护水平。亚组分析显示，同源重组技术是最有效的减毒策略，来自强毒株的基因缺失突变体对死亡率的疫苗效力为73%，对临床症状的疫苗效力为70%，对发热的疫苗效力为55%。此外，减毒活疫苗的效力和安全性受到用作疫苗主干的病毒株和所用攻毒株的强烈影响。更全面地了解ASF病毒株之间的抗原性、致病性和免疫原性变异对于开发有效且安全的疫苗至关重要。
