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使用级联和平均俄歇电子能谱对锑微观吸收剂量进行蒙特卡罗计算。

Monte Carlo calculation ofSb microscale absorbed dose using cascaded and averaged Auger electron spectra.

作者信息

Zwaniga Andrew V, Karshafian Raffi, Nusrat Humza, Da Silva Eric, Gräfe James

机构信息

Department of Physics, Toronto Metropolitan University, 350 Victoria St, Toronto, ON M5B 2K3, Canada.

Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Science and Technology (iBEST), a partnership between St Michael's Hospital, a site of Unity Health Toronto and Toronto Metropolitan University, Toronto, ON, Canada.

出版信息

Phys Med Biol. 2025 Jun 4;70(11). doi: 10.1088/1361-6560/add851.

Abstract

Radionuclides decaying by electron capture or internal transition produce a large number of Auger electrons in a cascade that follows their radioactive decay. A shortlist of the most potent Auger electron-emitters has appeared in the literature including103mRh,103Pd,111In,119Sb,123I,125I,165Er, and197Hg. Among them,119Sbhas been identified as the most potent for targeting micrometastases, yielding several tens of Auger electrons per decay with energies from a few eV up to 30 keV. In this paper, we recalculate Auger, Coster-Kronig, and super Coster-Kronig yields and transition probabilities as subshell-normalized relative transition probabilities and develop a new method to create radionuclide sources in TOPAS Monte Carlo, the code for which has been made publicly available. We then apply our method to encode the Auger electron spectra of119Sbfrom MIRD RADTABS and EADL into TOPAS and calculate the absorbed dose to water volumes of radius10nmup to10μm, finding that the averaged MIRD Auger electron spectrum underestimates the absorbed dose by a factor of 20 to 50 on this scale. We show that this result is not isolated to119Sband conclude that either the cascaded MIRD or EADL spectrum should be used for accurate microscale dosimetry. We compare with results obtained using the built-in Geant4 Atomic Relaxation for119Sbin TOPAS and find an unexpected continuum of low-energy electrons but no excess absorbed dose relative to either MIRD or EADL. We show that119Sbdoes not produce more absorbed dose in microscale volumes than103mRh,103Pd,111In,123I,125I,165Er, or197Hg, warranting future microdosimetry calculations of RBE and DNA damage to understand whether119Sbis the most potent Auger electron-emitter, as claimed in the literature.

摘要

通过电子俘获或内转换衰变的放射性核素在其放射性衰变后的级联过程中会产生大量俄歇电子。文献中出现了一份最有效的俄歇电子发射体的简短清单,包括103mRh、103Pd、111In、119Sb、123I、125I、165Er和197Hg。其中,119Sb被认为是靶向微转移最有效的,每次衰变产生几十俄歇电子,能量从几电子伏特到30 keV。在本文中,我们重新计算俄歇、科斯特-克朗尼格和超科斯特-克朗尼格产率以及跃迁概率,将其作为亚壳层归一化相对跃迁概率,并开发了一种在TOPAS蒙特卡罗中创建放射性核素源的新方法,该代码已公开可用。然后,我们应用我们的方法将119Sb的俄歇电子能谱从MIRD RADTABS和EADL编码到TOPAS中,并计算半径从10nm到10μm的水体积的吸收剂量,发现在这个尺度上,平均的MIRD俄歇电子能谱低估吸收剂量20到50倍。我们表明这个结果并不局限于119Sb,并得出结论,级联的MIRD或EADL能谱都应用于精确的微观剂量测定。我们将其与在TOPAS中使用内置的Geant4原子弛豫对119Sb获得的结果进行比较,发现了意外的低能电子连续谱,但相对于MIRD或EADL都没有过量的吸收剂量。我们表明,在微观体积中,119Sb产生的吸收剂量并不比103mRh、103Pd、111In、123I、125I、165Er或197Hg多,这使得未来需要对RBE和DNA损伤进行微观剂量测定计算,以了解119Sb是否如文献中所声称的那样是最有效的俄歇电子发射体。

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