ElFishawy Shirley, Hinchey Liza, Morrison Rachel, Sanad Mahmood, Javanbakht Arash
Department of General Medicine, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA.
Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA.
BMC Public Health. 2025 May 13;25(1):1754. doi: 10.1186/s12889-025-22980-1.
Trauma experienced by one generation has potential to impact those that follow. Refugee youth in particular are vulnerable to trauma and its intergenerational effects. By examining trauma subtypes, the impact of parental trauma, and post-/pre-migration stressors, this study investigated pathways linking parental trauma to psychological symptoms in Syrian and Iraqi refugee youth.
Participants included 165 minors from Syria and Iraq, and their 107 parents (56 mothers, 51 fathers), all of whom experienced forced migration due to war and resettled as refugees in southeast Michigan. Linear mixed-effects modeling and multi-level mediation analyses were employed to investigate pathways from parental trauma exposure to child symptoms (anxiety, depressive, and somatic), as well as possible explanatory mediators.
Maternal cumulative trauma and death threat trauma were associated with child depressive symptoms (cumulative: b = 1.64, p =.007; death threat: b = 2.70, p =.020) and somatic burden (cumulative: b = 0.56, p =.032; death threat: b = 1.04, p =.041). Anxiety models also revealed an association between maternal cumulative trauma and child anxiety (b = 1.79, p =.034). Maternal post-migration living difficulties fully mediated the observed association between maternal cumulative trauma and child depression, though this effect was trending in sensitivity analyses. No paternal trauma variables were associated with child symptoms.
Findings indicate that maternal trauma exposure in particular-as well as elevated post-migration stressors for mothers-may contribute to mental health risk in refugee youth. These insights may be leveraged towards early identification of youth at high risk, and to direct focused intervention towards modifiable targets-including living difficulties (e.g., financial difficulties, access to health care and transportation) experienced by parents post-migration.
Not applicable.
一代人所经历的创伤有可能影响到下一代。尤其是难民青少年容易受到创伤及其代际影响。通过研究创伤亚型、父母创伤的影响以及迁移后/迁移前的压力源，本研究调查了叙利亚和伊拉克难民青少年中父母创伤与心理症状之间的联系途径。
参与者包括165名来自叙利亚和伊拉克的未成年人及其107名父母（56名母亲，51名父亲），他们均因战争经历被迫迁移，并作为难民在密歇根州东南部重新定居。采用线性混合效应模型和多层次中介分析来研究从父母创伤暴露到儿童症状（焦虑、抑郁和躯体症状）的途径，以及可能的解释性中介因素。
母亲的累积创伤和死亡威胁创伤与儿童抑郁症状（累积创伤：b = 1.64，p = 0.007；死亡威胁：b = 2.70，p = 0.020）和躯体负担（累积创伤：b = 0.56，p = 0.032；死亡威胁：b = 1.04，p = 0.041）相关。焦虑模型还显示母亲的累积创伤与儿童焦虑之间存在关联（b = 1.79，p = 0.034）。母亲迁移后的生活困难完全中介了观察到的母亲累积创伤与儿童抑郁之间的关联，尽管在敏感性分析中这种效应呈趋势性。没有父亲创伤变量与儿童症状相关。
研究结果表明，特别是母亲的创伤暴露以及母亲迁移后增加的压力源可能导致难民青少年出现心理健康风险。这些见解可用于早期识别高危青少年，并针对可改变的目标进行有针对性的干预，包括父母迁移后所经历的生活困难（如经济困难、获得医疗保健和交通的机会）。
不适用。
