Li Shuqi, Zhang Yuwang, Liu Chenjian, Li Xiaoran
Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China.
Foods. 2025 Apr 24;14(9):1490. doi: 10.3390/foods14091490.
Variations in ecological environments (including milk collection equipment and milk storage tanks in the pasture) and seasonal changes may contribute to raw milk contamination, thereby affecting food safety. The composition, structure, and relationships between raw milk and microbial communities in these environments are not well understood. In this study, 84 samples from spring and autumn in Luxian County, Yunnan Province, China, were collected for high-throughput sequencing technology. The results showed that the skin on the nipple surface and the environment (including the wiping samples of the automatic milking machine and the inner cover of the milk tank) had the greatest impact on microbial community composition in raw milk, followed by dung. In addition, microbial diversity in autumn samples was significantly higher, likely due to seasonal factors, including increased rainfall and reduced ultraviolet radiation. By analyzing the microbial community of raw milk and its environmental source, this study traced the origin of microorganisms in milk, providing insights for further exploration of the interaction between the pasture environment and raw milk microorganisms.
生态环境的变化（包括牧场中的牛奶收集设备和牛奶储存罐）以及季节变化可能导致生牛奶受到污染，从而影响食品安全。目前对于这些环境中生牛奶与微生物群落之间的组成、结构及相互关系了解甚少。本研究采集了中国云南省泸西县春秋两季的84份样本，采用高通量测序技术进行分析。结果表明，乳头表面皮肤及环境（包括自动挤奶机擦拭样本和奶罐内盖）对生牛奶中微生物群落组成影响最大，其次是粪便。此外，秋季样本中的微生物多样性显著更高，这可能是由于季节因素，包括降雨量增加和紫外线辐射减少。通过分析生牛奶及其环境来源的微生物群落，本研究追踪了牛奶中微生物的来源，为进一步探索牧场环境与生牛奶微生物之间的相互作用提供了见解。
