Wang Xinru, Liu Yi, Chang Hong, Tun Hein-Min, Xia Xiaodong, Peng Ye, Qin Ningbo
SKL of Marine Food Processing & Safety Control, National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China.
Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China.
Foods. 2025 Apr 26;14(9):1514. doi: 10.3390/foods14091514.
Ulcerative colitis (UC) is characterized clinically by intestinal inflammation and gut microbiota dysbiosis. The consumption of biologics, although effective in inflammation control, may lead to adverse effects and is inconvenient for at-home administration. Goat milk-derived extracellular vesicles (GMEVs) have been proposed as a supplement to prevent intestinal inflammation. However, their therapeutic potential for colitis remains elusive. This study aimed to explore the preventive effect of GMEVs on colitis and its underlying mechanisms through the microbiota-immune axis using a dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced colitis mouse model. We found that a pre-treatment of 20 mg/kg/d GMEVs effectively prevented body weight loss, colon shortening, the depletion of colonic goblet cells, and the disappearance of crypts, while enhancing the intestinal mucosal barrier. Consistent with these phenotypes, GMEV pre-treatment increased levels of IL-22 and IL-10 and decreased levels of IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-6, and iNOS. However, GMEVs themselves had no effect on normal mice. Paralleling the alleviation of intestinal inflammation, GMEV pre-treatment also restored the reduction in , , and and suppressed the expansion of and following DSS treatment. Additionally, GMEV intake significantly downregulated the expression of proteins in the NF-κB signaling pathway induced by DSS. In summary, GMEVs could prevent colitis by regulating intestinal inflammation, the intestinal mucosal barrier, gut microbiota, organ damage, and the immune microenvironment. This study demonstrated that GMEVs have potential application prospects for UC prevention.
溃疡性结肠炎（UC）的临床特征为肠道炎症和肠道微生物群失调。生物制剂虽然在控制炎症方面有效，但可能会导致不良反应，且居家给药不便。源自山羊奶的细胞外囊泡（GMEVs）已被提议作为预防肠道炎症的补充剂。然而，它们对结肠炎的治疗潜力仍不明确。本研究旨在通过葡聚糖硫酸钠（DSS）诱导的结肠炎小鼠模型，探讨GMEVs通过微生物群-免疫轴对结肠炎的预防作用及其潜在机制。我们发现，以20mg/kg/d的剂量预处理GMEVs可有效预防体重减轻、结肠缩短、结肠杯状细胞减少和隐窝消失，同时增强肠道黏膜屏障。与这些表型一致，GMEV预处理可提高IL-22和IL-10水平，降低IL-1β、TNF-α、IL-6和诱导型一氧化氮合酶（iNOS）水平。然而，GMEVs对正常小鼠没有影响。与肠道炎症的减轻相平行，GMEV预处理还恢复了DSS治疗后[此处原文缺失具体指标]、[此处原文缺失具体指标]和[此处原文缺失具体指标]的降低，并抑制了[此处原文缺失具体指标]和[此处原文缺失具体指标]的扩张。此外，摄入GMEV可显著下调DSS诱导的NF-κB信号通路中蛋白质的表达。总之，GMEVs可通过调节肠道炎症、肠道黏膜屏障、肠道微生物群、器官损伤和免疫微环境来预防结肠炎。本研究表明，GMEVs在UC预防方面具有潜在的应用前景。
