Alckmin-Carvalho Felipe, Torre Renata Della, Teixeira Iara, Ledo Jóni, Oliveira António, Nichiata Lúcia Yasuko Izumi, Pereira Henrique
Department of Psychology and Education, Faculty of Social and Human Sciences, University of Beira Interior, Pólo IV, 6200-209 Covilhã, Portugal.
School of Nursing, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 01239-020, Brazil.
Healthcare (Basel). 2025 Apr 30;13(9):1030. doi: 10.3390/healthcare13091030.
Homonegativity is associated with several adverse physical and mental health outcomes in gay men. However, the intersection between homonegativity and racism remains little investigated in Brazil. The aim of this study was to assess, in a sample of cisgender Brazilian gay men, associations between skin color, homonegativity, psychological distress, and socioeconomic variables. : A cohort of 229 Brazilian gay men, 151 (66%) white and 78 (34%) black or brown were assessed. Participants completed the Internalized Homophobia Scale, the Beck Depression Inventory-II, and the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory. : In the general sample, high levels of homonegativity, symptoms of depression, and trait and state anxiety were found, particularly among young and low-income individuals. Black and brown participants reported significantly higher levels of trait and state anxiety, but not depression or homonegativity. Black and brown skin color were a predictor of trait and state anxiety, but not of homonegativity or depression. The high levels of psychological distress and homonegativity found in the general sample indicate the importance of developing preventive interventions of racial discrimination and sexual prejudice for the general community and psychoeducational and therapeutic interventions for Brazilian gay men, regardless of skin color. They also suggest the relevance of customizing these interventions to meet the specificities of black/brown Brazilian gay men, a population doubly exposed to the burden of stigma, considering the intersection between racial and sexual stigma in the Brazilian sociocultural reality.
在男同性恋者中，恐同现象与多种不良身心健康后果相关。然而，在巴西，恐同与种族主义之间的交叉关系仍鲜有研究。本研究旨在评估巴西顺性别男同性恋者样本中肤色、恐同、心理困扰和社会经济变量之间的关联。：对229名巴西男同性恋者进行了队列研究，其中151名（66%）为白人，78名（34%）为黑人或棕色人种。参与者完成了内化恐同量表、贝克抑郁量表第二版和状态-特质焦虑量表。：在总体样本中，发现了高水平的恐同、抑郁症状以及特质焦虑和状态焦虑，尤其是在年轻人和低收入个体中。黑人和棕色人种参与者报告的特质焦虑和状态焦虑水平显著更高，但抑郁或恐同水平并非如此。黑人和棕色肤色是特质焦虑和状态焦虑的预测因素，但不是恐同或抑郁的预测因素。总体样本中发现的高水平心理困扰和恐同表明，为整个社区开展种族歧视和性偏见预防干预措施以及为巴西男同性恋者开展心理教育和治疗干预措施非常重要，无论其肤色如何。这也表明根据巴西黑人和棕色男同性恋者的特殊性定制这些干预措施具有相关性，考虑到巴西社会文化现实中种族和性污名的交叉，这一群体双重承受着污名的负担。
