Yasin Diana, Al Khateeb Jalal, Sbeih Dina, Akar Firas Abu
Faculty of Medicine, Al-Quds University, East Jerusalem 20002, Palestine.
Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Edith Wolfson Medical Center, Holon 58100, Israel.
Diagnostics (Basel). 2025 Apr 24;15(9):1074. doi: 10.3390/diagnostics15091074.
In the last two decades, there has been an increased interest in the application of lung ultrasound (LUS), especially intraoperatively, owing to its safety and simple approach to detecting and assessing pulmonary nodules. This review focuses on recent advancements in intraoperative lung ultrasound in detecting lung nodules. A systematic search was conducted using databases such as PubMed and Google Scholar. Keywords included "Lung ultrasound", "intraoperative lung ultrasound", and "video-assisted transthoracic surgery (VATS)". Articles published between 1963 and 2024 in peer-reviewed journals were included, focusing on the ones from the 2000s. Data on methodology, key findings, and research gaps were reviewed. Results indicated a significant advantage of intraoperative lung ultrasound (ILU) in the assessment of pulmonary nodules. ILU offers a noninvasive, real-time imaging modality that demonstrates up to 100% accuracy in detecting pulmonary nodules, with shorter time needed compared to other modalities, as well as less intraoperative periods and postoperative complications. However, some disadvantages were detected, such as operator dependency and a lack of specificity and knowledge of specific signs, as well as assisted localization via percutaneous puncture and its correct interpretation. The findings suggest that ILU has a promising future in pulmonary surgeries such as LUS-VATS but needs to be engaged more in clinical applications and modified with new techniques such as artificial intelligence (AI).
在过去二十年中，由于肺超声（LUS）在检测和评估肺结节方面具有安全性和简便性，人们对其应用的兴趣日益增加，尤其是在术中应用。本综述聚焦于术中肺超声在检测肺结节方面的最新进展。使用PubMed和谷歌学术等数据库进行了系统检索。关键词包括“肺超声”、“术中肺超声”和“电视辅助胸腔镜手术（VATS）”。纳入了1963年至2024年在同行评审期刊上发表的文章，重点关注21世纪的文章。对方法学、主要发现和研究空白的数据进行了综述。结果表明术中肺超声（ILU）在评估肺结节方面具有显著优势。ILU提供了一种非侵入性的实时成像方式，在检测肺结节方面显示出高达100%的准确性，与其他方式相比所需时间更短，术中时间和术后并发症也更少。然而，也发现了一些缺点，如依赖操作者、缺乏特异性以及对特定征象的了解不足，以及经皮穿刺辅助定位及其正确解读。研究结果表明，ILU在诸如LUS-VATS等肺部手术中具有广阔的前景，但需要更多地应用于临床，并结合人工智能（AI）等新技术进行改进。
