Gałęska Elżbieta, Kowalczyk Alicja, Wrzecińska Marcjanna, García Mercedes Camiña, Czerniawska-Piątkowska Ewa, Gwoździewicz Szymon, Witkiewicz Wojciech, Dobrzański Zbigniew
Department of Environment Hygiene and Animal Welfare, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 51-630 Wrocław, Poland.
Department of Physiology, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15705 Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
Int J Mol Sci. 2025 Apr 25;26(9):4098. doi: 10.3390/ijms26094098.
Mitochondria, as multifunctional and partially independent structures, play a crucial role in determining essential life processes. Recently, their significance in reproductive biology has gained increasing attention. This review aims to comprehensively analyse the role of mitochondrial processes in oocyte maturation and embryo culture. A comprehensive literature review was conducted to highlight the importance of mitochondrial activity in the early stages of life formation. Proper mitochondrial function provides energy, maintains genomic stability, and ensures optimal conditions for fertilisation and embryo progression. Understanding these processes is essential to optimise culture conditions and identify new mitochondrial biomarkers that improve reproductive success and improve assisted reproductive technologies (ARTs). Enhancing mitochondrial function in female reproductive cells is the key to improving oocyte and embryo quality, which can lead to better in vitro fertilisation and embryo transfer. Furthermore, advances in diagnostic techniques, such as mitochondrial genome sequencing, offer a more precise understanding of the relationship between mitochondrial health and oocyte quality. However, fully understanding mitochondrial functions is only part of the challenge. Expanding knowledge of the interactions between mitochondria and other cellular structures is crucial for future advancements in reproductive medicine. Understanding these complex relationships will provide deeper insight into improving reproductive outcomes and embryo development.
线粒体作为多功能且部分独立的结构，在决定基本生命过程中发挥着关键作用。近来，它们在生殖生物学中的重要性日益受到关注。本综述旨在全面分析线粒体过程在卵母细胞成熟和胚胎培养中的作用。进行了全面的文献综述，以突出线粒体活性在生命形成早期阶段的重要性。正常的线粒体功能提供能量、维持基因组稳定性，并确保受精和胚胎发育的最佳条件。了解这些过程对于优化培养条件以及识别可提高生殖成功率和改进辅助生殖技术（ARTs）的新线粒体生物标志物至关重要。增强女性生殖细胞中的线粒体功能是提高卵母细胞和胚胎质量的关键，这可带来更好的体外受精和胚胎移植效果。此外，线粒体基因组测序等诊断技术的进展，能更精确地了解线粒体健康与卵母细胞质量之间的关系。然而，全面了解线粒体功能只是挑战的一部分。拓展线粒体与其他细胞结构之间相互作用的知识，对于生殖医学未来的进展至关重要。了解这些复杂关系将为改善生殖结局和胚胎发育提供更深入的见解。
