Lin Mao, Zhang Qianqian, Cong Yanjun
College of Food and Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China.
Nutrients. 2025 Apr 29;17(9):1517. doi: 10.3390/nu17091517.
Cow milk allergy (CMA) is prevalently observed among infants and young children, exerting adverse effects on their growth and quality of life. Oral immune tolerance (OIT) is a more effective method for the prevention and treatment of CMA. The site of OIT is mainly in the gastrointestinal tract, so this article reviews the composition and structural characteristics of intestinal immune system, the molecular mechanisms of immune tolerance by regulatory T cells (Treg), dendritic cells, and gut microbiota. In addition, this paper summarizes the research progress of T cell epitope peptides of β-lactoglobulin and α-lactalbumin in whey protein hydrolysates. The mechanism of OIT induced by whey protein hydrolysate or whey protein combined with other anti-allergic components (phenolic compounds, probiotics, etc.) is overviewed to provide new ideas for the development of hypoallergenic infant formula.
牛奶过敏（CMA）在婴幼儿中普遍存在，会对他们的生长和生活质量产生不利影响。口服免疫耐受（OIT）是预防和治疗CMA的一种更有效方法。OIT的作用部位主要在胃肠道，因此本文综述了肠道免疫系统的组成和结构特征、调节性T细胞（Treg）、树突状细胞和肠道微生物群产生免疫耐受的分子机制。此外，本文总结了乳清蛋白水解物中β-乳球蛋白和α-乳白蛋白的T细胞表位肽的研究进展。综述了乳清蛋白水解物或乳清蛋白与其他抗过敏成分（酚类化合物、益生菌等）诱导OIT的机制，为开发低敏婴儿配方奶粉提供新思路。
