Czerwińska-Osipiak Agnieszka, Szablewska Anna Weronika, Karasek Wiktoria, Krawczyk Aleksandra, Jurek Krzysztof
Department of Obstetric and Gynaecological Nursing, Institute of Nursing and Midwifery, Medical University of Gdańsk, Sklodowskiej Curie 3A, 80-210 Gdańsk, Poland.
Institute of Sociological Sciences, Faculty of Social Sciences, John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin, Al. Racławickie 14, 20-950 Lublin, Poland.
Nutrients. 2025 May 2;17(9):1573. doi: 10.3390/nu17091573.
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Breastfeeding is a cornerstone of infant nutrition, promoting optimal development and health benefits for both mother and child. Despite high initiation rates in Poland (97%), exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) drops sharply, reaching only 4% by six months postpartum. The aim of this study is to identify factors associated with breastfeeding practices and barriers to exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) among Polish women during the postpartum period, with particular emphasis on the role of medical personnel support and maternal stress levels.
A cross-sectional observational study, adhering to STROBE guidelines, was conducted from January to May 2023. The study included 1092 Polish women, surveyed using the Computer-Assisted Web Interview (CAWI) methodology. The women exclusively breastfeeding accounted for 79% ( = 863) of the study group. The remaining women supplemented their child with modified milk ( = 229; 21%). Statistical analyses were performed using IBM SPSS Statistics (Version 26.0), and logistic regression to assess associations between variables and breastfeeding outcomes.
Logistic regression analysis indicated that in the women experiencing low or medium stress, none of the analysed support factors significantly influenced the likelihood of exclusive breastfeeding discontinuation. However, women experiencing high stress, receiving counselling for effective breastfeeding (OR = 0.467; 95% CI: 0.232-0.941; = 0.033) and assistance with proper breastfeeding (OR = 0.424; 95% CI: 0.220-0.819; = 0.011) were associated with a lower likelihood of introducing formula feeding. The main reported reasons for early breastfeeding cessation included breast health issues, mental exhaustion, lack of medical support and infant-related difficulties.
The findings allow us to underscore the urgent need for targeted interventions to improve breastfeeding rates in Poland. New evidence indicates that women experiencing higher levels of stress require increased support from medical personnel in order to breastfeed exclusively.
背景/目的：母乳喂养是婴儿营养的基石，对母婴的最佳发育和健康有益。尽管波兰的母乳喂养起始率很高（97%），但纯母乳喂养（EBF）率急剧下降，产后六个月时仅达到4%。本研究的目的是确定波兰女性产后母乳喂养行为的相关因素以及纯母乳喂养的障碍，特别强调医务人员支持和产妇压力水平的作用。
2023年1月至5月进行了一项遵循STROBE指南的横断面观察性研究。该研究纳入了1092名波兰女性，采用计算机辅助网络访谈（CAWI）方法进行调查。纯母乳喂养的女性占研究组的79%（n = 863）。其余女性用配方奶补充喂养孩子（n = 229；21%）。使用IBM SPSS Statistics（版本26.0）进行统计分析，并采用逻辑回归评估变量与母乳喂养结果之间的关联。
逻辑回归分析表明，在经历低压力或中等压力的女性中，所分析的支持因素均未显著影响纯母乳喂养中断的可能性。然而，经历高压力、接受有效母乳喂养咨询的女性（OR = 0.467；95% CI：0.232 - 0.941；P = 0.033）以及获得正确母乳喂养帮助的女性（OR = 0.424；95% CI：0.220 - 0.819；P = 0.011）引入配方奶喂养的可能性较低。报告的早期停止母乳喂养的主要原因包括乳房健康问题、精神疲惫、缺乏医疗支持以及与婴儿相关的困难。
研究结果使我们强调在波兰进行有针对性干预以提高母乳喂养率的迫切需求。新证据表明，压力水平较高的女性需要医务人员更多的支持以实现纯母乳喂养。
