Ferreiro Lucía, Toubes María E, Rodríguez-Núñez Nuria, Valdés Luis
Pulmonology Department, University Clinical Hospital of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
Breathe (Sheff). 2025 May 13;21(2):240236. doi: 10.1183/20734735.0236-2024. eCollection 2025 Apr.
The term "asbestos" is used to refer to a group of silicate minerals that often break down into fibres and whose inhalation over time can cause a number of diseases, especially pleuropulmonary diseases. While the most serious complications are malignant diseases, inhalation of these fibres can also cause benign pleural diseases such as round atelectasis, pleural plaques, diffuse pleural thickening and non-malignant asbestos pleural effusion. Although asbestos is banned in most developed countries (in the European Union, since 2002), it is still used in developing countries. Despite these restrictions, the prevalence of diseases due to inhalation remains high due to the long latency period between the onset of exposure and the onset of disease. In this paper we review benign pleural diseases induced by asbestos exposure, update the diagnostic criteria for these disorders, and describe the approaches suggested so far to differentiate them from malignant pleural diseases.
术语“石棉”用于指代一类硅酸盐矿物，这类矿物常常会分解成纤维，长期吸入这些纤维会引发多种疾病，尤其是胸膜肺部疾病。虽然最严重的并发症是恶性疾病，但吸入这些纤维也会导致良性胸膜疾病，如圆形肺不张、胸膜斑、弥漫性胸膜增厚和非恶性石棉性胸腔积液。尽管在大多数发达国家（自2002年起在欧盟）石棉已被禁用，但它仍在发展中国家使用。尽管有这些限制，但由于接触石棉到发病之间的潜伏期很长，因吸入石棉而导致的疾病患病率仍然很高。在本文中，我们回顾了石棉暴露引起的良性胸膜疾病，更新了这些疾病的诊断标准，并描述了迄今为止建议的将它们与恶性胸膜疾病区分开来的方法。
