Zingiberaceae in Cardiovascular Health: A review of adipokine modulation and endothelial protection via adipocyte-endothelial crosstalk mechanism.

PURPOSE OF THE REVIEW

Although adipose tissue controls metabolism and protects vital organs, its importance to general health is being highlighted by the rise in type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Adipokines produced by adipose cells are essential regulators of metabolism, glucose homeostasis, and inflammatory response. It also protects vascular endothelial cells for its potential implications for cardiovascular protection. Understanding its intricate involvement in adipose tissue-endothelial communication is critical in developing targeted therapeutics to treat cardiovascular conditions linked with obesity and metabolic dysregulation. Spices from the Zingiberaceae family, such as cardamom, turmeric, and ginger, have anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant properties that help reduce oxidative stress, vascular dysfunction, and adipocyte-endothelial crosstalk which are all linked to the etiology of CVD. Comprehensive molecular insights into how they modulate adipokine signalling, inflammatory pathways, and ROS-induced adipocyte-vascular interactions remain unexplored, demanding additional translational and clinical validation. With an emphasis on patients with obesity and metabolic dysregulation, the investigation aims to elucidate the mechanisms by which the spice as whole/bioactive constituents of the Zingiberaceae family may provide protection against CVD by integrating previous studies.

RECENT FINDINGS

Current research continues to support the use of spices from the Zingiberaceae family, such as ginger, turmeric, cardamom, and pepper, as potential therapeutic agents for addressing metabolic complications like obesity, type II diabetes, and CVDs. These natural remedies may modulate adipocyte-endothelial crosstalk and inflammation by modulating important signalling pathways such as AMPK, AKT, PPAR, and NF-κB..

CONCLUSION

This review provides a complete summary of existing knowledge, opening the way for future research and prospective therapeutic applications of Zingiberaceae spices in cardiovascular health management.