A Generative Artificial Intelligence Copilot for Biomedical Nanoengineering.

The recent success of large language models (LLMs) in performing natural language processing tasks has increased interest in applying generative artificial intelligence (AI) to scientific research. However, a common problem of LLMs is their tendency to produce inaccurate and sometimes "hallucinated" outputs. Here, we established a generative AI tool, NanoSafari, to automatically extract knowledge from the biomedical nanoscience literature and address scientific queries. We developed the Grouped Iterative Validation based Information Extraction (GIVE) method to extract contextual information on nanoparticle characteristics from >20,000 published articles and established a database that was incorporated into the generative LLM to provide accurate nanomaterial design parameters. Blinded evaluation by biomedical nanoscientists showed that NanoSafari outperformed the baseline model in providing more reliable parameters for nanomaterial design tasks, as further validated by bench experiments. Together, these findings demonstrate the utility of AI-based methods for automated learning from "real-world" published work to provide accurate and reliable scientific references for biomaterial and bioengineering applications.