代谢功能障碍相关脂肪性肝病与妊娠
Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease and pregnancy.
作者信息
Sarkar Monika, Kushner Tatyana
机构信息
Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, UCSF, San Francisco, California, USA.
Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA.
出版信息
J Clin Invest. 2025 May 15;135(10). doi: 10.1172/JCI186426.
Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) is rising among reproductive-aged individuals and in pregnancy. MASLD in pregnancy does increase such risks as gestational diabetes, preeclampsia, and preterm birth. Although routine screening for MASLD has not been established in pregnancy, individuals with metabolic comorbidities, such as type 2 diabetes mellitus, should be evaluated by liver imaging and liver panel. Preconception counseling should address potential risks as well as need for optimized metabolic health before and during pregnancy. Fibrosis assessment should ideally be completed before pregnancy, to identify cases of cirrhosis that may warrant additional preconception management, such as variceal screening, as well as comanagement with maternal-fetal medicine specialists. In patients with MASLD, aspirin is advised at 12 weeks of gestational age to lower preeclampsia risk. In the absence of cirrhosis, no additional blood test monitoring is needed. In the general population, breastfeeding has beneficial effects on metabolic health in birthing parents and offspring and thus should be encouraged in the setting of MASLD, including access to enhanced lactation support. Research needs include evaluation of the long-term risks of MASLD in pregnancy on metabolic health in birthing parents and infants, as well as safety data for MASLD-directed therapies during pregnancy and lactation.
代谢功能障碍相关脂肪性肝病(MASLD)在育龄人群和孕期人群中的发病率正在上升。孕期MASLD确实会增加妊娠期糖尿病、先兆子痫和早产等风险。尽管尚未确立孕期MASLD的常规筛查方法,但对于患有2型糖尿病等代谢合并症的个体,应通过肝脏成像和肝功能检查进行评估。孕前咨询应涉及潜在风险以及孕期前后优化代谢健康的必要性。理想情况下,纤维化评估应在怀孕前完成,以识别可能需要额外孕前管理(如静脉曲张筛查)的肝硬化病例,以及与母胎医学专家共同管理。对于患有MASLD的患者,建议在孕12周时服用阿司匹林以降低先兆子痫风险。在没有肝硬化的情况下,无需额外的血液检查监测。在一般人群中,母乳喂养对生育父母和后代的代谢健康有有益影响,因此在MASLD情况下应鼓励母乳喂养,包括提供强化的泌乳支持。研究需求包括评估孕期MASLD对生育父母和婴儿代谢健康的长期风险,以及孕期和哺乳期针对MASLD的治疗方法的安全性数据。