Goncharov Aviv Philip, Dicusari Elissaiou Constantinos, Ben Aharon Farzalla Elad, Akhvlediani Giorgi, Vashakidze Nino, Kharaishvili Gvantsa
Department of Clinical and Molecular Pathology, Palacky University, Olomouc, Czech Republic.
Department of Oncology, University Hospital, Olomouc, Czech Republic.
Ann Med. 2025 Dec;57(1):2474175. doi: 10.1080/07853890.2025.2474175. Epub 2025 May 15.
From tumorigenesis to the establishment of local or metastatic high-grade tumours, an integral part of the cellular lifespan relies on various signalling pathways. Particular pathways that allow cells to proliferate by creating a network of new blood vessels have been documented, whereas other pathways are primarily involved with a migration to distant body parts, partially through the process of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). This review will discuss the different signalling pathways, such as TGF-β, Cripto-1, Wnt pathways, Hedgehog, Notch and NF-κB pathways, and how they promote tumour initiation and progression by influencing diverse cellular processes and EMT in general and in benign and malignant prostate tumours. This review will discuss only the critical pathways. Therefore, many other types of signalling pathways which are related to prostate cancer will not be discussed. Possibilities for further investigation will be mentioned, as many underlying mechanisms involved in these pathways have potential as targets in future tumour therapy. This review will also introduce some novel clinical trials relating to the inhibition of signalling pathways and their clinical outcomes.
从肿瘤发生到局部或转移性高级别肿瘤的形成，细胞生命周期的一个重要组成部分依赖于各种信号通路。已经有文献记载了一些特定的通路，这些通路通过创建新血管网络使细胞增殖，而其他通路主要参与细胞向身体远处部位的迁移，部分是通过上皮-间质转化（EMT）过程实现的。本综述将讨论不同的信号通路，如转化生长因子-β（TGF-β）、Cripto-1、Wnt通路、刺猬蛋白（Hedgehog）、Notch和核因子-κB（NF-κB）通路，以及它们如何通过影响各种细胞过程和一般的EMT，特别是在良性和恶性前列腺肿瘤中促进肿瘤的起始和进展。本综述仅讨论关键通路。因此，许多其他与前列腺癌相关的信号通路类型将不做讨论。将提及进一步研究的可能性，因为这些通路中涉及的许多潜在机制有潜力成为未来肿瘤治疗的靶点。本综述还将介绍一些与信号通路抑制相关的新型临床试验及其临床结果。
