Caivano D, Ferrari P, Rishniw M
Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Perugia, Via San Costanzo 4, 06126 Perugia, Italy.
Osservatorio Veterinario Italiano Cardiopatie, Piazza IV Novembre 16, 24052 Azzano S. Paolo, Italy; Clinica Veterinaria Orobica Anicura, Via Zanica 62, 24126 Bergamo, Italy.
J Vet Cardiol. 2025 Aug;60:1-9. doi: 10.1016/j.jvc.2025.04.003. Epub 2025 Apr 23.
Recently, investigators have suggested that Cavalier King Charles spaniels have smaller left atrial-to-aortic ratios (LA:Aos) than other breeds.
ANIMALS, MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study comprised apparently healthy adult Cavalier King Charles spaniels (n = 218) and apparently healthy adult dogs of other breeds (n = 379), imaged by the same observers, for inclusion in the Osservatorio Veterinario Italiano Cardiopatie. Left atrial and aortic measurements, obtained from two-dimensional images at the closing of the aortic valve, and left ventricular internal dimensions in diastole, obtained from M-mode images, were both obtained from the right parasternal short-axis view. Furthermore, left atrial and aortic measurements were indexed allometrically and compared to data obtained by the same observers. Measurements obtained by multiple observers were compared for systematic bias. Reference limits were created for the LA:Ao and normalized left ventricular diastolic dimensions.
Reference limits agreed with previously published limits for other dogs, with the upper reference limit for Cavalier King Charles spaniels approximating 1.6. Cavalier King Charles spaniels had allometrically indexed left atrial and aortic measurements that were not smaller than those in other dogs.
This is a retrospective study with multiple independent observers, not specifically instructed to measure the LA:Ao.
Cavalier King Charles spaniels have an LA:Ao not smaller than other breeds. Furthermore, the left atrial linear dimension obtained in the right parasternal short-axis view and normalized to bodyweight does not appear to be smaller. Consequently, current generic reference intervals for left atrial dimensions apply to Cavalier King Charles spaniels.
最近，研究人员指出，查理士王小猎犬的左心房与主动脉比值（LA:Aos）比其他犬种小。
动物、材料与方法：本研究纳入了218只看似健康的成年查理士王小猎犬和379只看似健康的其他犬种成年犬，由相同的观察者进行成像，纳入意大利兽医心脏病观察站。左心房和主动脉测量值取自主动脉瓣关闭时的二维图像，舒张期左心室内径取自M型图像，均取自右胸骨旁短轴视图。此外，对左心房和主动脉测量值进行了异速生长指数化处理，并与相同观察者获得的数据进行比较。比较了多位观察者获得的测量值的系统偏差。建立了LA:Ao和标准化左心室舒张期尺寸的参考限值。
参考限值与先前公布的其他犬种的限值一致，查理士王小猎犬的参考上限约为1.6。查理士王小猎犬的左心房和主动脉异速生长指数化测量值并不小于其他犬种。
这是一项有多位独立观察者参与的回顾性研究，未专门指示测量LA:Ao。
查理士王小猎犬的LA:Ao不小于其他犬种。此外，在右胸骨旁短轴视图中获得并按体重标准化的左心房线性尺寸似乎也不小。因此，目前通用的左心房尺寸参考区间适用于查理士王小猎犬。
