Mateer J R, Perry B W, Thompson B M, Tucker J F, Aprahamian C
Ann Emerg Med. 1985 Oct;14(10):966-9. doi: 10.1016/s0196-0644(85)80238-9.
A prototype large-bore intravenous tubing was developed and tested. Mean flow rates for blood (Hct 45%) and tap water were determined for several catheters at 600 mm Hg, 300 mm Hg, and gravity flow and were statistically analyzed by calculating the 95% confidence intervals. The degree of hemolysis during high pressure and flow was determined by measuring the plasma free hemoglobin using the spectrophotometric method. To determine if cold banked blood can be adequately warmed at high flow rates, thermocouples were used to measure the blood temperature before and after rapid infusion through a blood warmer. Results included maximum flow rates of 1,764 mL/min for tap water, and 1,714 mL/min for blood (Hct 45%) at 600 mm Hg through the large-bore tubing and an 8.5-F catheter. Flow rates for other pressure and catheter combinations were tabulated. The plasma-free hemoglobin increased slightly compared to controls with high pressure (less than or equal to 600 mm Hg) and flow rates. The increase correlated with less than 1% red blood cell lysis in all trials. When 13 C blood was infused through a warmer, blood temperature increased to 25.3 C at the maximum flow rate of 732 mL/min. Slightly higher heat gain resulted with slower infusion rates. We conclude that the prototype large-bore tubing and up to 600 mm Hg pressure provide rapid flow rates without significant hemolysis. Blood warming may be inadequate at higher flow rates.
开发并测试了一种原型大口径静脉输液管。测定了几种导管在600毫米汞柱、300毫米汞柱压力下以及重力流情况下血液（血细胞比容45%）和自来水的平均流速，并通过计算95%置信区间进行统计分析。采用分光光度法测量血浆游离血红蛋白，以确定高压和高流速下的溶血程度。为了确定冷库存血在高流速下能否充分升温，使用热电偶测量血液通过血液加温器快速输注前后的温度。结果包括在600毫米汞柱压力下，通过大口径输液管和8.5F导管，自来水的最大流速为1764毫升/分钟，血液（血细胞比容45%）的最大流速为1714毫升/分钟。列出了其他压力和导管组合的流速。与高压（小于或等于600毫米汞柱）和高流速对照组相比，血浆游离血红蛋白略有增加。在所有试验中，这种增加与红细胞溶血率小于1%相关。当13℃的血液通过加温器输注时，在最大流速732毫升/分钟时，血液温度升至25.3℃。输注速度较慢时，热量增加略高。我们得出结论，该原型大口径输液管和高达600毫米汞柱的压力可提供快速流速且无明显溶血。在较高流速下，血液加温可能不足。
