Connolly Emma L, Liu Alex H, Woodman Richard J, Shafaei Armaghan, Wood Lisa G, Mithen Richard, James Anthony P, Schultz Carl J, Gan Seng Khee, Bondonno Catherine P, Lewis Joshua R, Hodgson Jonathan M, Blekkenhorst Lauren C
Nutrition and Health Innovation Research Institute, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Western Australia, Australia.
Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.
Diabetes Obes Metab. 2025 Aug;27(8):4300-4310. doi: 10.1111/dom.16467. Epub 2025 May 15.
Higher cruciferous vegetable (e.g., broccoli) intake is associated with lower risk of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease, but limited causal evidence exists. We investigated if cruciferous vegetable intake improved glycaemic control compared to root/squash vegetables in non-diabetic adults with elevated blood pressure.
This randomized, controlled, crossover trial consisted of two 2-week dietary interventions (300 g/day cruciferous [active] and root/squash [control] soups with standardized lunch/dinner meals) separated by a 2-week washout. Participants were blinded to the intervention allocation. Glycaemic measures were a pre-specified secondary outcome. Flash glucose monitoring measured interstitial glucose every 15-min throughout both interventions. Mealtimes and consumption were recorded in food diaries. Differences in continuous glucose, glycaemic variability (coefficient of variation [CV]), and overall, lunch, and dinner postprandial glucose response (PPGR; 2-h mean glucose [PPGR 2-h] and area under the curve [AUC]) were assessed using linear mixed-effects regression.
Eighteen participants (female = 89%) completed the study (median [IQR] age: 68 [66-70 years]). Glycaemic variability was lower in the active versus control (mean difference: -2.0%, 95% CI -2.8, -1.1, p < 0.001). Overall PPGR 2-h and AUC were lower in the active versus control (mean difference: -0.14 mmol/L, 95% CI -0.24, -0.04, p = 0.005 and -20.1 mmol/L × min, 95% CI -34.1, -6.1, p = 0.005, respectively), driven by the dinner PPGR (p = 0.004 and p = 0.003, respectively). There was no difference in mean continuous glucose for active versus control (p = 0.411).
Cruciferous vegetable consumption improved postprandial glycaemic control compared with root/squash vegetables. The clinical impact remains uncertain and warrants further investigation, particularly in individuals with impaired glycaemic control.
This trial was registered at www.anzctr.org.au (ACTRN12619001294145).
较高的十字花科蔬菜（如西兰花）摄入量与2型糖尿病和心血管疾病的较低风险相关，但因果证据有限。我们调查了在血压升高的非糖尿病成年人中，与根菜类/南瓜类蔬菜相比，食用十字花科蔬菜是否能改善血糖控制。
这项随机、对照、交叉试验包括两个为期2周的饮食干预（每天300克十字花科蔬菜[实验组]和根菜类/南瓜类蔬菜[对照组]汤，搭配标准化午餐/晚餐），中间有2周的洗脱期。参与者对干预分配不知情。血糖测量是预先设定的次要结果。在整个两种干预过程中，通过动态血糖监测每15分钟测量一次组织间液葡萄糖。用餐时间和食物摄入量记录在饮食日记中。使用线性混合效应回归评估连续血糖、血糖变异性（变异系数[CV]）以及总体、午餐和晚餐餐后血糖反应（PPGR；2小时平均血糖[PPGR 2小时]和曲线下面积[AUC]）的差异。
18名参与者（女性占89%）完成了研究（年龄中位数[四分位间距]：68[66 - 70岁]）。与对照组相比，实验组的血糖变异性更低（平均差异：-2.0%，95%置信区间-2.8，-1.1，p < 0.001）。与对照组相比，实验组的总体PPGR 2小时和AUC更低（平均差异：-0.14毫摩尔/升，95%置信区间-0.24，-0.04; p = 0.005和-20.1毫摩尔/升×分钟，95%置信区间-34.1，-6.1; p = 0.005），这是由晚餐PPGR驱动的（分别为p = 0.004和p = 0.003）。实验组与对照组的平均连续血糖无差异（p = 0.411）。
与根菜类/南瓜类蔬菜相比，食用十字花科蔬菜可改善餐后血糖控制。其临床影响仍不确定，值得进一步研究，特别是在血糖控制受损的个体中。
