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子宫内膜结核中的免疫失调:HLA-G和IL-1Ra升高作为关键调节因子。

Immune dysregulation in endometrial tuberculosis: elevated HLA-G and IL-1Ra as key modulators.

作者信息

Huang Dan, Dai Jinlong, Yu Haotian, Chen Wen

机构信息

Graduate School of Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou, China.

Department of Reproductive Medicine Clinic, The Eighth Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China.

出版信息

Front Cell Infect Microbiol. 2025 May 1;15:1548238. doi: 10.3389/fcimb.2025.1548238. eCollection 2025.

Abstract

Endometrial tuberculosis (ETB) is a reproductive system infection caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, primarily invading the endometrium through hematogenous dissemination. This study included 10 patients diagnosed with ETB and 10 patients with pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) to analyze their clinical, pathological, and immunological characteristics. Anatomically, PTB presented the highest prevalence among tuberculosis cases. Compared to PTB imaging, CT scans of ETB showed less distinctive diagnostic features. Pathologically, abscess formation was more frequently observed in ETB patients than in PTB patients, suggesting a more intense local inflammatory response in ETB. However, there were no statistically significant differences in granulomatous lesions, caseous necrosis, coagulative necrosis, inflammatory necrosis, exudation, acute inflammation, or fibrous tissue hyperplasia between the two groups. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed higher infiltration of macrophages (CD68) in ETB lesions compared to PTB, whereas the counts of T cells (CD3+, CD4+, CD8+) and B cells (CD20) showed no significant differences. Notably, the expression levels of HLA-G and IP-10 were significantly elevated in the lesion areas of ETB compared to PTB. Similarly, the expression of HLA-G, IP-10, IL-1Ra, and IL-10 was significantly higher in the ETB group than in the PTB group. Furthermore, HLA-G and IL-1Ra expression levels were markedly elevated in ETB lesion areas compared to surrounding normal endometrial tissue. HLA-G plays a pivotal role in immune tolerance by modulating local immune responses, while IP-10 is involved in chronic inflammatory signaling. IL-1Ra and IL-10 are key regulators of endometrial immune homeostasis, counterbalancing inflammatory responses that could otherwise disrupt reproductive function. These immunoregulatory factors are crucial in maintaining immune tolerance within the endometrium and may influence immune responses associated with endometrial tuberculosis.

摘要

子宫内膜结核(ETB)是由结核分枝杆菌引起的一种生殖系统感染,主要通过血行播散侵犯子宫内膜。本研究纳入了10例诊断为ETB的患者和10例肺结核(PTB)患者,以分析他们的临床、病理和免疫学特征。从解剖学角度来看,PTB在结核病例中患病率最高。与PTB影像学表现相比,ETB的CT扫描显示出的诊断特征不太明显。病理上,ETB患者比PTB患者更常观察到脓肿形成,这表明ETB存在更强烈的局部炎症反应。然而,两组之间在肉芽肿病变、干酪样坏死、凝固性坏死、炎症性坏死、渗出、急性炎症或纤维组织增生方面没有统计学上的显著差异。免疫组织化学分析显示,与PTB相比,ETB病变中巨噬细胞(CD68)浸润更高,而T细胞(CD3 +、CD4 +、CD8 +)和B细胞(CD20)计数无显著差异。值得注意的是,与PTB相比,ETB病变区域中HLA - G和IP - 10的表达水平显著升高。同样,ETB组中HLA - G、IP - 10、IL - 1Ra和IL - 10的表达明显高于PTB组。此外,与周围正常子宫内膜组织相比,ETB病变区域中HLA - G和IL - 1Ra表达水平显著升高。HLA - G通过调节局部免疫反应在免疫耐受中起关键作用,而IP - 10参与慢性炎症信号传导。IL - 1Ra和IL - 10是子宫内膜免疫稳态的关键调节因子,可平衡可能破坏生殖功能的炎症反应。这些免疫调节因子对于维持子宫内膜内的免疫耐受至关重要,可能会影响与子宫内膜结核相关的免疫反应。

https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/e164/12078264/cee006f9ddcd/fcimb-15-1548238-g001.jpg

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