A systematic literature review on road safety management: land use, budget and legislation.

Road safety is a significant developmental delinquent, an issue of public health, and a major global cause of demise and injury. Several research and review articles were focused on road safety concerning road characteristics, vehicle characteristics, and environment. However, a review article concerning land use, budget, and legislation towards road safety needs to be included. The present study reviewed literatures and reports on road safety concerning land use, budget, and legislation. The method used for review was "Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses (PRISMA)". Initially, the paper discussed the impact of accidents concerning land use. The parameters such as crash type, crash cause, crash severity, traffic violation, infrastructural risk, operational hours, Traffic analysis Zone (TAZ) level crashes, on -network factors and medical service response were influenced by land use. Commercial area was more inclined to risk than other land use types. Later, budget section was examined, and it revealed that fuel subsidies, cost-effective strategies, and advertising budgets had a notable impact on reducing crashes. Road safety budget allocation strategies were impacted by significant parameter such as policy scenario and the performance indicator. Over 50% of road crash costs were related to injuries, while 10% of accident costs were related to delays. Indexes of road safety were reliant on budget. The study concluded by discussing the impact of legislation- changes to the traffic laws were successful in reduction of crashes, however, formulation of laws might or might not be successful in lowering casualities. Furthermore, "being aware of the laws" reduced collisions, as well public was persuaded in formulation of law for road safety. Finally, examination of three factors such as land use, budget, and legislation-found an incredible impact on road safety.