Dai Hongying Daisy, Brown Keebler Amber K, Young Brian
College of Public Health University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States.
College of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States.
Addict Behav. 2025 Oct;169:108381. doi: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2025.108381. Epub 2025 May 11.
Despite reductions in smoking use among adults and adolescents, e-cigarette use has increased, raising a new public health concern.
We analyzed Wave 4 (2016-2018) data from the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health (PATH) Study to assess biomarkers of exposure to secondhand smoke and vaping aerosols among U.S. adolescents (age range 12-17). Participants with no current tobacco use in the past 30 days were divided into four mutually exclusive groups: no exposure, exposure to secondhand smoke (SHS) only, exposure to secondhand aerosol (SHA) only, and dual exposure to both (SHD).
Among 2,379 adolescents (mean[SD] of age = 14.4[0.02]), 1.5 % reported SHA, 18.3 % reported SHS, and 2.8 % reported SHD. Mean concentrations of cotinine were significantly higher among those exposed to SHA only (0.5 ng/mg creatinine, p = 0.04), SHS (3.0,p < 0.0001), or SHD (2.5,p < 0.0001) than among those with no exposure (0.2). As compared to the no-exposure group, both SHS and SHD groups also had higher mean concentrations of carcinogen, NNAL (4.1 and 2.8 pg/mg creatinine, respectively, vs. 0.9, p < 0.0001) and exposure to SHS had a higher level of CYMA (1.8 vs. 1.1 ng/mg creatinine, p < 0.0001). In comparison with the SHA group, the SHS and SHD groups had 6.8 and 3.6 times higher levels of cotinine and 4.6 and 2.2 times higher levels of NNAL, respectively; the SHS group also had higher levels of AAMA and CYMA.
Secondhand vaping aerosol poses a lower exposure risk to youth non-tobacco users than combustible cigarette smoke. The distinct exposure patterns emphasize the importance of implementing tobacco-free policies to reduce youth exposure to environments where combustible tobacco or e-cigarette use occurs.
尽管成年人和青少年的吸烟率有所下降，但电子烟的使用却有所增加，这引发了新的公共卫生问题。
我们分析了烟草与健康人口评估（PATH）研究的第4波（2016 - 2018年）数据，以评估美国青少年（年龄范围12 - 17岁）接触二手烟和电子烟烟雾的生物标志物。过去30天内未使用烟草的参与者被分为四个相互排斥的组：无暴露、仅暴露于二手烟（SHS）、仅暴露于二手气溶胶（SHA）以及两者的双重暴露（SHD）。
在2379名青少年（平均[标准差]年龄 = 14.4[0.02]）中，1.5%报告有SHA暴露，18.3%报告有SHS暴露，2.8%报告有SHD暴露。仅暴露于SHA（0.5 ng/mg肌酐，p = 0.04）、SHS（3.0，p < 0.0001）或SHD（2.5，p < 0.0001）的人群中，可替宁的平均浓度显著高于无暴露人群（0.2）。与无暴露组相比，SHS组和SHD组的致癌物NNAL平均浓度也更高（分别为4.1和2.8 pg/mg肌酐，而无暴露组为0.9，p < 0.0001），且SHS暴露组的CYMA水平更高（1.8 vs. 1.1 ng/mg肌酐，p < 0.0001）。与SHA组相比，SHS组和SHD组的可替宁水平分别高6.8倍和3.6倍，NNAL水平分别高4.6倍和2.2倍；SHS组的AAMA和CYMA水平也更高。
与可燃香烟烟雾相比，二手电子烟烟雾对青少年非烟草使用者的暴露风险更低。不同的暴露模式强调了实施无烟政策以减少青少年接触可燃烟草或电子烟使用环境的重要性。
